1.2 PE-Sports Physiology-Respiratory system

Describe movement of the ribcage during inhalation and exhalation?

Describe movement of the ribcage during inhalation and exhalation?

• Inhaling-ribs move upwards and outwards

• Exhaling-Ribs fall in and down

What muscles are used for inspiration at rest?

• Diaphragm

• External intercostal muscles

What muscles are used during inspiration during exercise?

• Diaphragm

• external Intercostal muscles

• Sternocleidomastoid

• Scalenes

• Pectoralis minor

What muscles are used during expiration at rest

None it is a passive process as inspiration muscles relax

What muscles are used during expiration during exercise?

• Internal Intercoastal muscles

• Abdominals

What are the 5 values found on a spirometer trace

• Tidal volume

• inspiratory reserve volume

• Expiratory reserve volume

• Residual volume

• Vital Capacity

Define tidal volume

Volume of air breathed in OR out per breath

Define Inspiratory reserve volume

Volume of air which can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath

Define Expiratory reserve volume

Volume of air which can be forcibly expired after a normal breath

Define residual Volume

Volume of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration

Define minute ventillation

Amount of air breathed in OR out per minute

Describe the diffusion pathways of Oxygen in the body

Alveoli → Blood → Muscles

Describe the diffusion pathways of Carbon dioxide in the body

Muscles → Blood → Alveoli

What is the order of neural/chemical control for inspiration?

Receptors → medulla → Phrenic nerve → Diaphragm and external Intercostals

What is the order of neural/chemical control for Expiration during exercise?

Receptors → medulla → Intercostal nerve → Abdominal and internal Intercostals

Negative effects of Smoking on respiratory system

• Swelling and narrowing of airways

• Damage to cilia preventing mucus from being expelled

• Damage to the alveoli

• Carbon monoxide from cigarettes bind to haemoglobin preventing transfer of oxygen