AP Human Geography Unit 4 Quiz 2 (Mrs. Yi)

Political Geography

The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes

Administered Boundary

Enforcement of a boundary by government or people; the final phase of boundary creation

Antecedent Boundary

A boundary line established before an area is populated

Choke Point

A geographical land feature such as a valley or waterway that can greatly decrease combat capability for an armed force trying to reach its objective

Consequent Boundary

A boundary line that coincides with some cultural divide, such as religion or language

Demilitarized Zone

An area where treaties or agreements forbid military installations, activities, or personnel

Failed State

A state within which the government has lost the ability to provide basic public services

Maritime Boundaries

Conceptual divisions of the water surface of the planet, defined by physical or human geography

Relic Boundary

A boundary that no longer functions but can still be detected on the cultural landscape

Subsequent Boundary

A boundary line established after an area has been settled that considers social and cultural characteristics

Superimposed Boundary

A boundary line drawn ignoring existing cultural patterns

East/West Divide

Geographic separation between Democratic/free-market countries (West) and Communist/Socialist countries (East); mostly defunct but still influential

North/South Divide

The economic division between wealthy countries (Europe, North America, Japan) and poorer countries (Asia, Africa, Latin America)

African Union

Organization of African states promoting economic development and political stability through cooperation

Arctic Council

Organization of 8 Arctic states addressing issues faced by Arctic governments and indigenous peoples

Association of SE Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Political and economic union of 10 SE Asian states promoting economic growth, social progress, and cultural development

Shatterbelt

Area of instability between regions with opposing political and/or cultural values

Confederation

International organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose

International Organization

Alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation without giving up autonomy or self-determination

Irredentism

The belief that a region should be controlled by the country to which its people are ethnically or historically related

Supranational Organization

Voluntary association of three or more states to promote shared goals

Commonwealth of Independent States

Confederacy of former Soviet states united for common economic and administrative needs

European Union

International organization of European countries promoting free trade among members

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Agreement between the USA, Canada, and Mexico to promote free trade; now replaced by USMCA

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Military alliance formed during the Cold War among Western democratic countries

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

International economic organization of countries that produce and export oil

United Nations

Global supranational organization established after WWII to foster international security and cooperation

Democratization

Trending toward democracy

Domino Theory

The idea that political destabilization in one country can trigger collapse in neighboring countries (Cold War context)

Enclave

A country entirely surrounded by another country

Exclave

Territory belonging to a state but separated from it by another state's territory

Exclusive Economic Zones

Coastal waters and seabed within a set distance where a country has exclusive rights to economic activities

Geopolitics

The study of the interplay between political relations and geographic/territorial context

Law of the Sea

Laws defining states’ rights and responsibilities regarding ownership and use of oceans and marine resources

Lebensraum

Hitler’s expansionist theory seeking “living space” for Germans in WWII

Military Alliances

International agreements in which parties pledge mutual protection and support

Territoriality

Attempt to control actions, interactions, or access by asserting control over a geographic area

Territorial Dispute

Any disagreement over land ownership

Territorial Organization

Political organization that divides power into more easily governed units of land

Electoral College

System in which states appoint electors who cast votes for president, usually reflecting the state’s popular vote

Electoral Vote

The decision made by a state’s electors representing the dominant views of that state

Popular Vote

The tally of each individual’s vote within a geographic area

Reapportionment

Reallocation of electoral seats to defined territories based on population changes

Redistricting

Drawing new electoral district boundaries in response to population shifts

Voting Districts

Geographical areas represented by seats in a legislative body such as Congress or Parliament