Chapter 8 - Families

Reciprocal socialization

parents both influence and socialize their children & the children both influence and socialize the parent

dyadic

any 2 people

triadic

any 3 people

in a dyatic relationship, mother and son have a ___ relationship

negative

in a dyatic relationship, father and son have a ___ relationship

positive

in a triadic relationship, mother and son have a ____ relationship

positive

in a triadic relationship, father and son have a _____ relationship

negative

Biological maturation

Puberty

Conflict is most stressful during the

apex of puberty

Cognitive maturation

expanded logical reasoning, increased idealistic thought, violated expectations

Social maturation

adolescent desires to spend more time with peers than family, push for independence

Parent changes

Marital dissatisfaction

Economic Burden

Careers

Health

Older fathers are:

more nurturing, better communicators, encouraging achievement, show less rejection

Parents as managers

helping kids maneuver their ay through the choices they will have to make.

ex.) doctors appointments, teaching responsibility

Inadequate monitoring is strongly correlated to

juvenile delinquency

J.B. Watson

don’t be too affectionate with children (crying)

Diana Baumrind

disagreed with Watson

Diana Baumrind

Parents should not be too strict, they should show affection.

Authoritarian parenting style

High control, low responsiveness, very strict

Only Unilateral

Neglectful parenting style

Low control, low responsiveness, very uninvolved, set rules but no enforcement

Indulgent parenting style

Low control, very high responsiveness, highly involved, spoil child

Authoritative parenting style

Moderate control, moderate to high responsiveness, controls kid’s environment, fair but firm, consistent, adult-like communication

Parents who had problems had adolescents who were ___ socially competent

less

Criticisms on Baumrind’s study

doesn’t allow for reciprocal socialization

parents use a variety of styles

original only involved children in the sample group

society tends to blame ___ when there are problems with the kids

mom

adolescents say they their ___ do most of the parenting

moms

Father’s role changed from

moral compass to nurturing caregivers

fathers spend ____ as much time with kids as do moms

1/3 to 3/4

__ of families experience normal conflict.

80%

adolescents report having more conflicts with __ than anyone else 

mom

one normal argument every __ days

three

__ of families experience “prolonged intense conflict”

20%

Prolonged Intense conflict

running away from home

juvenile delinquency

school problems

autonomy

self-governing or independent

Authoritarian parenting is associated with __ adolescent autonomy

low

Authoritative parenting is associated with __ adolescent autonomy

high

Kids kids from __ culture strive for autonomy from parents earlier than adolescents from ___ culture

western, eastern

Adolescents that have a good relationship with their fathers are —- as likely to have a stable job or go to college

twice

Adolescents that have a good relationship with their fathers are —% less likely to become an unwed parent

75

Adolescents that have a good relationship with their fathers are - % less like to go to jail.

80

Majority of arguments are between

mother and daughter

2 basic reasons kids run away from home

To escape a bad situation, rebelling against the rules

__ are especially susceptible to drug use

Chronic runaways

Who believed that secures attachment in infancy is essential in the eventual development of socially competent adolescents?

Bowlby and Ainsworth

Dismissing / avoidant insecure attachment

Parent and child mutually distance themselves

Preoccupied / ambivalent insecure attachment style

Adolescents are hyper tuned to attachment experience, parents are fairly unavailable

Unresolved / Disorganized

adolescent has a fear of loss due to a traumatic experience

Children

Higher frequency of conflicts with siblings than anyone else as __.

acheivement oriented

1st borns are more __.

Only child “spoiled brat” is a myth.

True

By the age of 18, __% of all American kids will have lived a portion of their lives in a stepfamily/

25

Divorce rate trend

Increased in the 60’s and 70’s

Declined in the 80’s

__% of kids will experience their parents’ divorce.

40

Kids from divorced families show __ adjustments than kids from non-adjustment families. (most kids will adjust)

poorer

Most difficult adjustment time

1st year following divorce then improves 2 years after

__ had more long term problems than older kids due to _

Preschool children (4-6 year olds); self-blame

Custody issues that also deal with relocation are..

the worst scenario

Custodial moms lose about __ of their pre-divorce income.

25%-50%

Custodial fathers lose about ___ of the pre-divorce income.

10%

Approx. __ of kids from divorced homes will have a step-family within 4 years.

50%

Blended family

both parents bring children into the new family 

Neo-traditional relationship

both adults want a family and plan ahead for adjustments

fairly realistic, not naive, may call him dad, well adjusted

Matriarchal relationships

mother has custody and is making decision related to her kids, difficult to succeed

Romantic relationships

very high unrealistic expectations, very likely to end in divorce