U1 Structure of Matter

Matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

How are the elements arranged on the Periodic Table of Elements?

by atomic number

What is matter made up of?

elements

The smallest part of an element is the…

atom

Atoms are made up of…

protons, electrons, and neutrons

Atoms are neutral because…

the number of protons equals the number of electrons

The elements are arranged by…

their atomic number

The mass number is…

the number of protons and neutrons

Elements join together because of chemical bonds to form…

molecules and compounds

Difference between physical and chemical properties:

Physical: can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

Chemical: can be observed or measured as a substance changes in identity

Density

D = M/V

Volume of a rectangle

V = L x W x H

Water displacement method:

1. Measure initial volume of liquid

2. Drop object

3. Measure final volume of liquid

4. Subtract initial volume from the final volume to find the volume of the object

Properties of a compound are different from the properties that…

make up the compound

Difference between ionic and covalent bonding:

Ionic: metal + non-metal electron transfer

Covalent: non-metal + non-metal sharing electrons

Properties of elements in the same group of the periodic table are _____ because elements in the same group have the same number of _____.

similar, outer/valence electrons