Chemical Equilibrium and Acid/Base Systems Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary terms exploring the principles, conditions, and types of dynamic equilibrium in chemical systems.

Dynamic Equilibrium

A state in a chemical system where the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate, resulting in unchanging concentrations of reactants and products over time.

Macroscopic Level

The observable level of a system where, at equilibrium, no changes appear to be occurring.

Microscopic Level

The molecular level where changes continue to occur even when a system has reached dynamic equilibrium.

Quantitative Reaction

A reaction that proceeds only in the forward direction and continues until the limiting reagent is completely consumed.

Reversible Reaction

A reaction that can proceed in either the forward or reverse direction depending on the conditions, often represented using the symbol $\rightleftharpoons$ or $\leftrightarrows$.

Collision-reaction Theory

A theory used to explain the reversibility of reactions by stating that reactants collide to form products and products collide to re-form reactants.

Forward Reaction

The left-to-right change in a chemical equation where reactants are converted into products.

Reverse Reaction

The right-to-left change in a chemical equation where products are converted back into reactants.

Closed System

A system separated from its surroundings by a definite boundary so that energy can enter and leave, but matter cannot enter or exit.

Open System

A system in which both matter and energy can be exchanged with the surroundings.

Phase Equilibrium

A type of dynamic equilibrium involving a single chemical substance existing in more than one phase within a closed system, such as liquid water and water vapor.

Solubility Equilibrium

A dynamic equilibrium involving a single chemical solute interacting with a solvent, where the rates of dissolving and crystallization are equal.

Saturated Solution

A solution in which solubility equilibrium has been reached, meaning the rate of dissolving equals the rate of crystallization.

Chemical Reaction Equilibrium

A type of dynamic equilibrium involving several substances where the rate of the forward chemical reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.