Geography

Yay ig?

How much water is fresh water?

2.5% of the total water is fresh

How much of the total water is taken up by oceans?

97.5%

How much of the total water is for plants and animals?

0.8%

How is water distributed across Earth?

not evenly

Why is variation of water uneven?

Because climate change, different rainfall patterns, and changing river levels like in the Darling River.

What are the main rivers in the Murray darling basin?

The Murray and darling river

Why is the Murray-Darling Basin important?

Because it is the main food source and supports many cities and towns

What is liveability?

Describes how good a place is to live in

What are the basic requirements for ALL liveable places?

Fresh water, Food supply, Shelter, Safety, access to services, environment and transport

What is objective?

basic needs to live

What is subjective?

WANTS that make life enjoyable

What factors influenced where early indigenous Australians lived?

Factors like reliable fresh water, abundant food, and natural resources led early Aboriginal Australians to settle along the northern, eastern, and southern coasts, as well as the Murray River.

What factors influenced where modern Australians lived?

Factors like access to suitable housing, essential services, Job opportunities, entertainment, and a preferred climate leads them to the east coast and other coastal areas. But age and interests also influence where they live.

What is the importance of water for life on Earth?

 it helps grow food, supports the environment, provides clean water at home, generates power, supports industry, and plays a role in spiritual and cultural life.

How much of Australia’s rainfall is collected in rivers?

12%

What is an Urban place?

Big towns or cities where lots of people live

What are examples of Urban places

Kellyville, Blacktown, Parklea

What is a coastal place?

Places near or along the sea and ocean

What are examples of coastal places

Bondi, Gold coast, Sydney, Melbourne

What is a Remote place?

Far away cities or towns often hard to get to

What is an example of a remote places

Alice springs, Yuendumu, 

What is a rural place?

Countryside areas with farms, open land and small towns

What are pros of Urban places?

More jobs & schools, lots of facilities and good transport

What are pros of coastal

Nice weather & beaches, good for tourism & facilites

Pros of remote places

quite & peaceful, Close to nature and tight knight communties

Many people are connected with each other through these water sources

True

What are the 3 main factors that influence where people settle?

Historical and environmental factors, Agriculture factors, Economic factors (trade and transport)

What are canal locks?

used in man-made water ways to connect different water levels

How much of the fresh water used each year goes to agriculture?

70%

How many litres does it take to produce beef?

50000L

What is the irrigation system?

Water is taken from rivers and is delivered to farms through damns, weirs, pipes etc

What is Hydro electricity

electricity generated using moving water

Where was cyclone Yasi located?

Northern Queensland, Australia

Where was cyclone Tracy located?

Darwin, Northern Territory

Where was Eastern Australian floods 2021-2022 located?

East coast of Australia

How does hydro electricity work?

A dam is built across a river creating a large reservoir, this water is then released through turbines causing them to turn then the spinning turbine rotates giant magnets around a huge coil of copper wire to create electricity

What is the largest source of renewable- non-polluting energy in the world?

Hydro electricity

Rice farming in Vietnam what is its titles?

It is the 5th biggest producer, the 2nd largest exporter and the 7th largest consumer of rice

How many people’s daily calorie needs in Vietnam are met by rice?

75%

What is the Mekong Delta?

It is called the rice bowl with more than half of the countries rice produced there. It is also flood prone.

What makes it hard to produce rice in Australia

the dryness, so farmers have to be very efficient in their use of water

How much less water do Australians rice growers use then the worlds average to grow 1kg of rice?

50% less water

What are Australia’s rice growing regions?

Murray Valley (NSW) and Murrumbidgee because they have available water and large areas of flat land

Answer A

3.5%

What are some competition uses of the Murray River water?

irrigation/agriculture, towns and cities, environment/ecosystem, industry etc

What is the largest user of water from the Murray River?

The agriculture sector

What is virtual water?

Hidden water used to produce a product (food, clothing etc)

What is green water?

water that comes from rainfall and is stored in soil

What is an example of green water

wheat grown only using rainwater

What is grey water?

Wastewater that has been used once but is still reuseable for other purposes

What is an example of grey water?

used water from a sink or bath can be reused for gardening

What are renewable resources?

they naturally replace themselves overtime

What are some examples of renewable energy?

Trees and freshwater

What is a non-renewable resource?

cannot be replaced and will run out if we overuse them

What are some examples of non-renewable resources?

Minerals, coal, oil

What is a continuous resource

Can never run out no matter how much we use them

What are some examples of continuous resources

energy from the Sun and Wind

What are some environmental consequences of global warming

Rising sea levels, more extreme weather and loss of biodiversity

What are some human and social consequences of global warming

food shortage and water scarcity

What are some different uses/values of water?

spiritual, domestic, irrigation, environmental, recreational, trade, industry and mining value

what are some causes for floods?

heavy rainfall, overflowing rivers/lakes/dams and cyclones

What is the impact of floods

damage to homes, loss of crops, displacement of people

What are the causes of cyclones?

form over warm ocean water, strong wind +heavy rain and rising warm, moist air forms cloud +thunderstorm

What is the impact of cyclones?

strong winds destroying building, trees, powerlines, damage to ecosystem and disruption to transport

What is the response of communties natural disasters?

communities help clean up damaged homes & streets, they help provide food & clothes for the neighbourhood, sandbags to control water and communities fundraise for affected families

What is water scarcity?

when there isn’t enough clean water available to meet demand

What causes water scarcity in developing countries?

rapid population/growth, low rainfall/droughts, poor water quality and lack of water, infrastructure like pipelines

Why is Australia water poor?

because it is the driest inhabited continent with low rainfall, agriculture demand, drought, warmer temperature (due to climate change and population growth

what are the main water basins?

Murray-Darling Basin, Lake Eyre Basin, Burdekin Basin and Great Artesian basin(underground)

What is a community?

a group of people who share something in common

What are the types of communities (5 p’s)?

Past (similar histories), place (live in same area), Perspective (similar beliefs), Purpose (similar goals) and practice (activities in common).

What is a local scale?

focuses on individual households, farms, businesses and towns

What is a regional scale?

Covers multiple towns, cities or districts

What is a basin scale?

manages water across entire river systems or underground water basins

What factors make a place more liveable?

Life expectancy ,nutrions, literacy and Aid