Forms of Government

Henry David Thoreau

Though never taking direct action, ________ was a strong voice for individualist American anarchism, citing in his Civil Disobedience work that a government works best when it does not heavily govern the people, but rather gives its people the ability to mostly rule themselves.

Eritrea

________ has closed itself off from the United Nations, and accounts gathered from refugees describe egregious human rights violations: no political or religious freedoms, arbitrary detentions, extrajudicial killings, forced military and bureaucratic conscription, and some are subjected to intolerable conditions of rape and torture.

Julius Caesar

In 44 B.C., when ________ declared himself dictator for life, it signaled the end of democracy in Rome.

Soviet Union

The elites of Russia are usually the billionaires who made their money after the fall of the ________ by creating monopolies.

20th century

In the ________, Benito Mussolini is the acknowledged prototype of the dictator.

Cromwell

________ and Napoleon Bonaparte were early exemplars, both believers in ‘ a whiff of grapeshot as a clarifying agent.

role of kingship

The ________ or queenship is a right often given at birth.

ancient Greek

Anarchy has been prevalent throughout time, being mentioned /exemplified in ________ plays and talked about by many stoics and cynics.

Aristotle

As ________ has defined, in contrast to tyranny, dictatorship is long- lasting and occasionally a "lawful system of rule ..

Totalitarianism

________ is often associated with authoritarian and dictatorial forms of government; however, it is unique and different from those two forms.

Elitism

________ is also a term associated with this form of government because those who are the government officials are seen as superior to its subjects.

countrys power

The belief that one person must hold all a(n) ________ because it was ordained by God is known as monarchism.

twentieth century phenomenon

As a(n) ________, totalitarian powers initially carried out their agendas by weaponizing modern mass media as technology for social control.

oligarchy

A(n) ________ is a mixture between a monarchy and a democracy.

Plato

________ and Aristotle were some of the first philosophers to accept oligarchies as a form of government.

Russian Tsar Alexander

Anarchism made its appearance in modern times following the assassinations of multiple political figures, including the ________ the second and William McKinley, a former president of the United States.

Soviet Russia

In ________, the idea of a "dictatorship of the proletariat "was embraced as a solution to overthrowing the bourgeoisie as it was declared a time of crisis, an homage to the original Roman idea of dictatorship.

Monarchs

________ are not identified with any faction or political party.

Classical anarchism

________ was coined in the 1840s, and played an important role in the "working- class struggles "around the world at the time.

Cernak

________ also aims to differentiate totalitarianism from a dictatorship which often gets confused with each other.

Democracy

________ is a form of government that can be executed in a variety of ways.

Republican

________ is a term used to describe people who live in a monarchy and want to make their country a republic.

Emergency

________ and temporary dictatorship has also been used by Karl Marx in his planning of the proletariat to seize control of the state after a revolutionary overthrow.

Anarchists

________ believe in a rejection of unjustified /unprecedented hierarchy.

Dictionary of Social Sciences

According to the ________ by Craig Calhoun, the term "democracy "comes from the ancient Greek word "demos, "which means people, and refers to the rule by the people at the small- scale, and state level forms of government and decision making.

classic definition

In Webers ________, the state is an institution that claims a monopoly of legitimate force for a particular territory.

anarcho individualists

In Europe, ________ moved away from engaging in social struggles by instead challenging social norms and pushing for sexual freedom in society.

prime minister

The president or ________ is also the head of government.

Michel

________ theorized that all progressive social movements, no matter how radical or democratic they may be in the beginning, eventually turn into oligarchies.

Aristotles theory

According to ________, oligarchy is the rule of a few, in their own interests.

labor

Forced ________ is also utilized by both Eritrea and North Korea as a means to sustain their economies in the midst of poverty.

eligible citizen

A direct democracy, considering the opinion of every ________, would be significantly more difficult, if not impossible on a larger scale, such as the United States.

Labour Government

Where government is differentiated from the state, it is usually taken to describe the executive and elected branch of the state, as when one refers to the ‘ ________.

republic derives

The term "________ from the Latin root Res Publica, translating to "public affairs "in the context of delegating in the name of the common good over private interests.

Totalitarian social engineering

________ "is achieved by the monopolization of political power, where the dissolution of opposing political parties gives rise to the ultimate party, which is tasked with carrying out the governments agenda.

Divine rule

________ also allows monarchs to do whatever they please in the name of Gods wishes.

Representative democracy

________ can be defined as a form of government in which the eligible citizens of a state vote to elect representatives who will make decisions about politics and participate in the elections for government officials on their behalf.

Chaos

________ is associated with anarchy as the lack of laws and structure desired, many picture such a society with no order as complete chaos and filled with competing interests.

Eritrea

________ is colloquially referred to as the "North Korea of Africa, "since the Kim Dynasty and the Workers Party of Korea employ similar tactics to assert control, such as forced labor, constant surveillance, arbitrary punishment, torture, sexual abuse, executions, and restricted travel and contact with the outside world.

Oligarchy

________ is a form of government that means "government by the few ..

Plato

________ and Aristotle described the republican ideal as birthed out of a fear of mob rule, which is why it can reject the notion of popular sovereignty (in some cases) and prioritizes a body that works independent of majority rule, which can often lead to the demise or reversal of the political structures of entire nations.

Totalitarianism

________ is a form of government defined by the presence of a centralized, consolidated political power that extends its pervasive influence over a society to eviscerate the agency and autonomy of individuals within the power system.

Democracy

________ can be seen, and executed, in a variety of forms including, but not limited to, direct, representative, participatory, and deliberative.

Eritrea

________ is often precluded from mainstream media coverage because journalists were persecuted by the regime and there are no longer any independent newspapers.

These writers do not deny that states use force

they merely argue that this is not its central attribute

Countries with democratic systems can become an oligarchy if power is condensed into the hands of a few wealthy people

a corporate and financial elite

However, monarchs eventually no longer needed these codes after three things occurred

the aristocracy had less independence, the divinity of kings was highlighted, and the role of the church in secular affairs was minimized

Here lies the difference between the types of democracy covered

direct/representative, participatory and deliberative

His assassination ushered in an entirely new era for Rome

The Empire

The two main principles of anarchism are

no need for government and no government can exist unless all citizens unanimously agreed upon it

Only two countries are currently defined as totalitarian

Eritrea and North Korea

Eritrea has closed itself off from the United Nations, and accounts gathered from refugees describe egregious human rights violations

no political or religious freedoms, arbitrary detentions, extrajudicial killings, forced military and bureaucratic conscription, and some are subjected to intolerable conditions of rape and torture

The State

an institution that claims to be sovereign over a particular society

What is central to identifying a state

force

synonym for state

government

What differentiates government from state

it is usually taken to describe the executive and elected branch of the state, as when one refers to the ‘Labour Government’

Republic

don’t regard the will of the people, but are rather entrusted to delegate according to what they believe would serve the common good.

oligarchy

government by the few

democracy

refers to the rule by the people at the small-scale, and state level forms of government and decision making

anarchy

refers to the absence of a centralized authority or government and does not promote violent disorder

totalitarianism

the presence of a centralized, consolidated political power that extends its pervasive influence over a society to eviscerate the agency and autonomy of individuals within the power system