Hair Styling

A professional ___ is responsible for educating clients about at-home maintainance and styling options for their hair.

hairstylist

What process shapes and directs the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, combs, and finger-waving lotion, and was the rage in the 1920s and 1930s?

finger waving

___ curls serve as a basis for patterns, lines, waves, curls, and rolls that are used in a wide range of hairstyles and can be used on all types of hair, including straight, permanent waved, or naturally curly hair.

pin

What section of the pin curl lies between the base and first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl its direction and movement, and determines the amount of mobility or movement in a section of hair?

stem

What type of curl is placed directly on the base of the curl and produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl and allows minimum mobility?

no-stem curl

A ___ is a section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls.

shaping

What are the pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls?

open-center curls

What pin curls produce waves that get smaller in size toward the end?

closed-center curls

The terms ___ curls and ___ curls are used to describe the direction of pin curls.

clockwise; counterclockwise

___ base pin curls are usually recommended at the side front hairline for a smooth, upswept effect.

rectangular

What pin curl base is recommended for use along the front hairline to prevent splits or breaks in the finished style?

triangular base

What is the most commonly shaped pin curl base?

arc base

Arc base pin curls are also known as half-moon or ___ base curls.

c-shaped base curls

Forcing hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension is called ___.

ribboning

Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are referred to as ___.

carved curls

Ridge curls are pin curls place immediately behind or below a ridge to form a ___.

wave

Two rows or ridge curls on the side of a head are called ___.

skip waves

Large diameter pin curls that are similar to a roller, but do not have the same amount of tension, are called ___.

barrel curls

What pin curls are fastened to the head in a standing position to create height in the hair design?

cascade curls

What is the panel of hair on which the roller is placed?

base

How is the hair wrapped around the roller to create curls in the hair?

with two and a half turns

Rollers should be placed ___ in a roller set where the least amount of volume is desired.

completely off the base

A(n) ___ is the point where curls of opposite direction meet, forming a recessed area.

indentation

What technique of drying and styling damp hair in one operation has revolutionized the hairstyling world?

blowdry styling

What nozzle attachment of a blowdryer directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely?

concentrator

What blowdryer attachment is used to accentuate or keep textural definition by allowing the air to flor more softly?

diffuser

What are the large, flat brushes with staggered pin patterns that are used for mid- to longer-hair length?

paddle brushes

___, also known as texturizers, are styling products that are lighter and less viscous than firm-hold gels, making them ideal to use for easy styling, defining, and molding.

liquid gels

What is the most widely used hairstyling product?

hair spray

___ waving and curling, also known as Marcel waving, are methods of waving and curling straight or pressed dry hair using thermal irons and special manipulative techniques.

thermal

___ irons with straight edges are used to create smooth, straight, styles - even on very curly hair.

flat

The edge of a flat iron that is nearest to the stylist is called the ___.

inner edge

Combs that are used for thermal curling should be made of ___.

hard rubber

As a rule of thumb, coarse and gray hair can withstand more heat than ___.

fine hair

What type of curls are suitable for one length hair?

spiral curls

___ curls provide maximum lift or volume, since the curl is placed very high on its base.

volume-base

When creating on-base curls, the hair should be held with medium tension at a ___.

125-degree angle

Placed completely off their base, ___ curls offer a curl option with only slight lift and volume.

off-base

What process involves temporarily straightening extremely curly hair by means of a heated comb?

hair pressing

What hair pressing process removes 50 to 60 percent of the curl?

soft press

What hair type is very resistant to hair pressing and requires more heat and pressure?

wiry/curly

When the client's scalp is classified as flexible, remember to ___ to press the hair satisfactorily.

use enough tension

Good-quality pressing combs are constructed of either ___.

stainless steel or brass

Pressing combs with less space between the teeth produce a ___.

smooth press

It is important to ___ a new brass pressing comb so that it will hold heat evenly along its entire length and provide consistent results.

temper

After heating, the temperature of the pressing comb should be tested using ___.

light paper

Carbon buildup can be removed from the metal portion of a pressing comb by immersing the metal portion of the comb in a solution containing ___.

baking soda

___ and skin rashes are the two general types of injuries that can occur in hair pressing.

burns

What true classic hairdo is created out of a simple ponytail that can be simply styled or dressed up?

chignon

The twist, also referred to as the French ___, is a classic long hairstyle that is popular in the salon for clients attending formal functions.

pleat