FIXED** DHO Chapter 8.1 - Life Stages

Growth

refers to the measurable physical changes that occur throughout person’s life

development

refers to the changes in intellectual, mental, emotional, social, and functional skills that occur over time

physical GD

body growth

mental GD

intellectual development

emotional GD

feelings

social GD

interactions and relationships with other people

assimilation

process by which a person’s mind takes in information from the environment

accommodation

process of changing cognitive ideas based in new information

equilibrium

a balanced environment

Mora/startle reflex

response to a loud noise or sudden movement

rooting reflex

response to a slight touch on the cheek

sucking reflex

response to a slight touch on the lips

grasping reflex

response when an object is placed in the hand

signs of autism

avoiding eye contact, delayed language, persistent repetition, difficulty understanding other’s feelings

abstract concepts children understand in late childhood

loyalty, honesty, values, morals

puberty

the development of sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics

causes of conflict during the emotional development of adolescents

feeling inadequate and insecure, worrying about appearance, abilities and relationships, family values

reasons people abuse chemicals

anxiety and stress relief, peer pressure, escape from problems, experimenting

signs of suicide

appetite and sleep changes, withdrawal, depression, neglect of hygiene, drug abuse, self harm

major changes individuals make during early adulthood

education, career, marital partner, lifestyle, values, family

factors of satisfaction

job stability, financial success, good health

factors of stress

job loss, fear of aging, marital problems

physical changes that may occur during late adulthood

skin wrinkles, age spots, hair thinning, stooping posture, hearing and muscle loss, weak bones

events that require emotional adjustment during late adulthood

retirement, death, physical disabilities, financial problems

infancy

less than a year

early childhood

1-6

late childhood

6-12

adolescence

12-18

early adulthood

19-40

middle adulthood

40-65

late adulthood

65 or more

life stages

certain stages if growth and development from birth to death

autism

spectrum of conditions that impair the ability to communicate and interact

infancy physical development

weight usually triples and height greatly increases by end of first year

infancy mental development

rapid during the first year, newborns respond to discomforts like pain or cold by crying

infancy social development

infants develop shyness but socialize with familiar faces

infancy emotional development

events that occur in the first year of life when emotions are first exhibited can have a strong influence on an individual’s emotional behavior during adulthood

early childhood physical developmment

from 1-6 years of age, physical growth is slower than during infancy

early childhood mental development

verbal growth progresses from the use of several words at age one to a vocabulary of 1500-2500 words at age 6

early childhood emotional development

children feel impatience and frustration as they try to do things beyond their abilities

early childhood social development

children need routine, order, and consistency, must be taught to be responsible and to conform to rules

late childhood physical development

growth is slow but steady, features start fully developing

late childhood mental development

speech, reading and writing advance with active thinking

late childhood emotional development

at 6, children may need reassurance in order to gain self-confidence in order to do well in school. By 10-12, sexual maturation and changes in body functions can lead to periods of depression followed by periods of joy, can be restless, anxious, and difficult to understand

late childhood social development

children seek approval and make friends

adolescent physical development

puberty occurs and secondary sexual characteristics develop

adolescent mental development

learn to make decisions and to accept responsibility for their actions

adolescent emotional development

insecurities develop to find a self identity

adolescent social development

less time is spent with family and focused towards peers or independently

eating disorders

often develop from an excessive concern with appearance

anorexia nervosa

a psychological disorder in which a person drastically reduces food intake or refuses to eat at all

bullimia

psychological disorder in which a person alternately binges and then fasts or refuses to eat at all

bulimarexia

when a person induces vomiting or uses laxatives to get rid of food that has been eaten

females

who eating disorders are more common in

chemical abuse

use of substances such as alcohol or drugs and the development of dependence on these chemicals

suicide

leading cause of death which is a permanent solution to a temporary problem

early adulthood physical development

development is at its peak

early adulthood mental development

major decisions must be made for one’s future

early adulthood emotional development

focused towards preserving emotional stability

early adulthood social development

new relationships are formed with similar people

middle adulthood physical development

signs of aging like skin wrinkling and menopause occur

middle adulthood mental development

individuals have an understanding of life and learn to cope with stress

middle adulthood emotional development

emotional status varies by events that occur during this period

middle adulthood social development

family relationships often see a decline as children begin lives of their own and parent die, work relations replace family ones

late adulthood physical development

elderly, senior citizen, golden age, body systems decline

late adulthood mental development

mental abilities decrease and memory loss begins

late adulthood emotional development

some elderly cope well with stresses presented by aging and remaining happy and able to enjoy life while others become lonely, frustrated, withdrawn, depressed

late adulthood social development

retirement, lack of self esteem, decline

arteriosclerosis

a thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries can decrease the blood supply to the brain and cause a decrease in mental abilities

Alzheimer’s

can lead to irreversible loss of memory, deterioration of intellectual functions, speech and gait disturbances and disorientation