Bible Exam #2

What is “Reformed Accent,” and what are the three dominant themes in Reformed theology?

Reformed Accent - developed way of speaking and expressing experiences of faith, life, and worship of God

The three dominant themes in reformed theology are sovereignty, covenant, and kingdom

What are the “Three Forms of Unity” in Reformed theology and why are they so-called?

The three forms of unity are the cannons of God (most Calvinistic), Heidelberg catechism, and Belgic confession. 

provide a united set of theological and doctrinal statements for reformed churches  

What is the “doctrinalist” approach to being reformed?

"Here, Reformed refers primarily to a strong adherence to certain Christian doctrines as taught in the Scriptures and reflected in the confessions of the church. The question for doctrinalists is: What do we believe?

What Reformed accent is underscored in Romans 8:28? What is the end purpose of everything that happens to a Christian in this life?

The sovereignty of God and his loving providence. The purpose is the conformity to the image of Jesus and results in ultimate glorification

What do Arminians emphasize in their theology? How are they similar, and yet different from Calvinists?

Arminians emphasize free will in their theology while calvinists emphasize sovereignty. Both share a belief in the sovereignty and grace of God to an extent but the belief of free will differs

Why did God create the universe?

According to the doctrine of humanity God created the universe for his own glory, to know, love and be known by it. 

Why did God create human beings, and what is our primary assignment?

God created humans to reflect Him and bring Him honor. Our primary assignment is to glorify God and know him forever.

What is the imago Dei, and how does it influence our treatment of others?

It means that we are created in the image of God. This connects to cultural mandate and how God calls us to love our neighbors and be fruitful and multiply 

What happened to the imago Dei after Adam and Eve sinned?

It was shattered, distorted, and damaged, but not destroyed. 

Define Monism, Trichotomy, and Dichotomy

monism is belief in a single unified substance. Views body, soul, and spirit as one

trichotomy is belief in the three part view. Humans, are body, soul, and spirit 

Dichotomy is the belief that humans are two part beings. Mad euphoria of the physical body and non-physical soul 

Why did God create the two sexes?

Beuca’s elf divine image and procreation. Adam was lonely and needed a helper

How did the fall and the subsequent curse affect humans and the cosmos?

fall has made everything painful

husband will rule over you 

no longer equal in a sense?

Compare the egalitarian and complementarian views on men and women.

Egalitarian is the view that all functions and roles in the family and church are open to men and women alike (except for physical differences)

Complementarian is the view that men and women are equal but have different roles in marriage and in the church

What is “actual sin,” and how is it different from “original sin”?

sin is any failure to conform to the moral law of God in act, attitude, or nature (own nature)

original sin is inherited from adam as a response of the fall

What is the “unpardonable sin,” and why is it unforgivable?

consists of unusually malicious, willful rejection and slander against the holy spirits work attesting to christ, and attributing that wrk to satan 

It is deliberate reject of Gods grace and forgiveness

In what respect was Jesus different from any other human?

Jesus was fully man and fully God at the same time

Compare the Kenosis theory with the “Hypostatic Union.

Kenosis theory: Jesus emptied himself during him incarnation

Hypostatic Union: two distinct inseparable identities, God and man

What is the difference between Christ’s active and passive obedience?

Christs active obedience is what he did (miracles, walking on earth), Christs passive obedience is what was one to him (death on the cross)

What does it mean that God imputed our sins to Christ?

He charged Jesus with our sins. He could then satisfy divine justice

Define “propitiation.” How does it differ from “penal substitution”?

Propitiation: Christ’s death was a sacrifice that turns away the wrath of God and thereby makes God favorable towards us 

Penal Substitution: He stood in or place for a punishment we deserved 

What was the “spark that ignited the Reformation?

The spark was Martin Luther nailing the 95 thesis to the church

How did Luther view the relationship between salvation and good works, especially in contrast to the church’s traditional teaching?

Luther believed that salvation did not come from the good works you did, but for God himself and asking for forgiveness

Saved through faith alone

What does the name “Anabaptist” mean? Why might it not be an accurate name, in their view?

it means rebaptizer

baptizing infants is not valid means of baptism- only those who have confessed faith in Christ should be baptized 

How did the legacy of the Crusades affect the European Christian attitude toward evangelism?

shifting evangelism from persuasion to a forceful, militant approach that could involve violence between both non-christians and heretics 

The Thirty Years’ War ended with the Peace of Westphalia. What was the religious significance of that treaty?

guaranteed the right to practice any recognized demonizations, Catholicism, lutherism, and calvinism

Define the term “Renaissance.” What impact did it have on Christian theology?

led to a critical examination of the church

term means rebirth

new interpretation and sparked protestant reformation 

How did John Locke harmonize faith and reason?

argued that reason is the foundation for all knowledge, including the religious belief

distinct but compatible

What were the twofold aims of the Pietists?

Perhaps Pietism's greatest legacy was its emphasis on small groups and the devotional reading of Scripture

List four contributions Pietism made to Christianity

It made preaching and pastoral visitation central concerns of the Protestant ministry. It enriched Christian music enormously. And it underscored the importance of a spiritual laity for a revived church (CHIPL, 385).

What does the phrase “new light” mean in the context of the Great Awakening? What did it mean to the traditional parish church model?

referred to those who embraced the new revivalist style of preaching - downplayed traditional church authorities

spiritually stagnant and formal - old light 

Define “common grace” and why God bestows it.

unmerited favor by which God gives innumerable blessings that are not a part of salvation

demonstrated Gods goodness, preserves those who are not saved, and shows God justice and glory 

What is “saving grace,” and why does God bestow it?

unmerited redeeming favor for which God gives to the elect

because of his sovereign good pleasure 

What is the gospel message, and how does it become effective?

It is the good news that God over salvation from our sins

becomes effective through the power of the Holy Spirit working in our lives

What three elements must be present when a person trusts in Christ?

knowledge of the gospel, personal trust, and commitment, and the belief that the gospel is true

Define “justification.” How and when do we gain the right legal standing before God?

Justification is an instantaneous legal act of God in which he (1) thinks of our sins as forgiven and Christ's righteousness as belonging to us, and (2) declares us to be righteous in his sight

What were the consequences of liberalism for the Papal States in Italy?

rebellion

promoting individul liberty

What was the mission of the Oxford movement?

re-emphasizing catholic heritage and returning to traditional practices 

What new approach to the Protestant mission did William Carey pioneer?

evangelicalism of entire countries

taught them to preach to their own people

How did voluntary missionary societies differ from the church’s previous missionary activity?

their independence from state and ecclesiastical control, reliance of philanthropic giving, and global scope, and a more holistic approach that included social reform 

What were the two instruments evangelical Christians used to influence the American West?

revivals and schools