Intro Deck: non-bones/muscles

Ankle region

talocrural region

How many regions of the body are there?

8

How many regions of the lower limb are there?

10

Cranial

toward the head

Caudal

toward the tail

Rostral

toward the nose

Dorsum

Pertaining to the foot

In eversion/inversion, which part of the foot is facing lateral/medial?

The bottom

What are the 5 layers of the integumentary system, superficial to deep?

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, deep fascia, skeletal muscle

Subcutaneous tissue is also known as as:

Superficial fascia

What are the 5 functions of the integumentary system?

Protection, containment, thermal regulation, sensation, synthesis/storage of vitamin D

Name of fascia between muscle groups

Intermuscular septa

Fascia surrounding nerves/blood vessels

Neurovascular sheath

Fascia around and distinguishing each muscle

Investing fascia

Which fascia includes some fat?

Superficial

Bursae

Fluid-filled sacs that help mitigate friction

Perichondrium

membrane that covers cartilage

What are the 5 bone classifications?

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

What is an advantage of a sesamoid bone?

Extra mechanical advantage

What is different about a sesamoid bone?

Located within the muscle rather than direct articulation with the bone (most often)

What is the purpose of an epiphysial plate?

Allows for continued growth

Fibrous joints

Articulating bones united by fibrous tissue

Syndesmosis

Bones united by a ligament/fibrous membrane

What are 3 types of fibrous joints?

Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis

Cartilaginous joints

Structures united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocaerilage

Synchondroses

bones united by hyaline cartilage

Which cartilaginous joint is usually temporary?

Synchondroses (ie in a long bone)

Symphyses

Bones united by fibrocartilage

Synovial joints

Articulating bones united by joint capsule

What are the 2 components of a synovial joint capsule?

Outer fibrous layer and serous synovial membrane lining

What covers all the surfaces NOT covered by synovial membrane?

Articular cartilage

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

plane, hinge, saddle, condyloid, ball and socket, pivot

Plane joints have ___ capsules and ___ movement

Tight, limit

How do plane joints move?

Gliding or sliding

What is a bodily example of a plane joint?

Acromioclavicular joint

Hinge joint movements:

Flexion and extension only

Describe the capsule of a hinge joint

Thin, lax anteriorly and posteriorly

What in a hinge joint reinforce strength?

Collateral ligaments

Saddle joint movements

Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension

What angles are the axes of a saddle join in relation to each other?

At right angles (90 degrees)

Condyloid joint movements

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

What is different in condyloid joints from saddle joints?

Movement in one plane is usually greater than in the other

What is an example of a condyloid joints?

Metacarpophylangeal joint

Ball and socket joint movements

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation

Pivot joint movement

rotation around a central axis