Cell Energy Unit 4

Energy

What do all living things require?

Mitochondria

Organelle that is also known as the powerhouse of the cell and responsible for cellular respiration

Adenosine Triphosphate

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine Diphosphate

What does ADP stand for?

Hydrolysis

When energy is released when the bond is broken

Terminal Phosphate Group

Phosphate group the breaks with ATP and recombines with ADP

Adenine, Ribose Sugar, Phosphate Groups

Molecules in ADP and ATP

Products, Reactants

The _______ of respiration are the ________ of photosynthesis and vice versa.

Carbon Dioxide, Water, Oxygen, Glucose

4 substances that is being recycled during photosynthesis

Light Energy

Component is photosynthesis that cannot be recycled and must constantly be available, also known as catalyst.

Chloroplast

Organelle responsible for performing photosynthesis and where it occurs in

Carbon Cycle

is the natural process that recycles carbon atoms, moving them between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living organisms

Carbon Sink

any natural or artificial system that absorbs more carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere than it releases, reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases and helping to regulate the climate.

Greenhouse Gas

atmospheric gases that absorb and emit infrared radiation, trapping heat and warming the Earth's surface

Photosynthesis

Plants perform too make the food they need to grow.

Chlorophyll

the green pigment that plants use to make food during a process called photosynthesis

Water, Carbon Dioxide

reactants (goes in) and also waste products of cellular respiration

Glucose, Oxygen

product (goes out)

Leaves

where photosynthesis occurs

Stomata

CO2 enters through the pores underneath the leaf called

Guard Cells

Special cells that controls the opening and closing of the stomata

Oxygen

When photosynthesis is done, ______ gas is released from the stomata into the air

Stem

is important for transporting substances throughout the plant

Xylem

it transports the water and nutrients from the root to the leaves and flower.

Phloem

it transports sugar/glucose from the leaves, down to the other parts of the plant

Flower

the reproductive structure found in flowering plants 

Gymnosperm

cone bearing plants are also known as

Angiosperm

flowering plants are also known as

Roots

are important for absorbing water and also take in minerals and nutrients from the soil.

Cellular Respiration

is the biological process where cells break down glucose and oxygen to release chemical energy, and has aerobic and anaerobic.

Aerobic Respiration

it needs oxygen and cells break down food (like glucose) in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of 36 ATP

Anaerobic Respiration

occurs mainly in yeast and bacteria where cells generate energy from organic molecules without the use of oxygen and has only 2 ATP

Fermentation

Anaerobic Respiration is also known as

Lactic Acid and Alcohol Fermentation

2 types of Anaerobic Respiration and the reactant is glucose

Lactic Acid Fermentation

metabolic process in which glucose (sugar) is converted into yeast and energy (ATP) in the absence of oxygen

Alcohol Fermentation

yeast converts sugar into ethanol, carbon dioxide, and 2 ATP under anaerobic (oxygen-free) conditions

Plants, Animals

organisms that perform aerobic respiration

Bacteria, Yeast Animals

organisms that perform anaerobic respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP

Formula for Aerobic Respiration

Glucose - 2 lactic acid + 2 ATP,

Glucose - 2 alcohol + 2CO2 + 2 ATP

Formula for Anaerobic Respiration

6CO2 + 6H2O - C6H12O6 + 6O2

Formula for Photosynthesis

C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Formula for Respiration

Cristae

infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane

Mitochondrial DNA

part of the mitochondria that is inherited from mother