Pathology respiratory system

Alveoli

Smallest functional unit of respiratory system

where actual gas exchange occurs

alveoli

Name a couple Internal Devices that we take cxrs for placement

• Central venous catheter

• Transvenous cardiac pacemaker

• Endo-tracheal tube

• Naso-gastric tube

• Picc Line

• Swan-Ganz catheter

• Feeding Tube

What are the upper respiratory inflammatory disorders

Croup

epiglottitis

Croup

Primarily a viral infection of young children that produces inflammatory obstructive swelling localized to the

subglottic portion of the trachea

What is known for the barking cough

Croup

What are the lower respiratory inflammatory disorders

Pneumonia

Lung abscess

Tuberculosis

Pulmonary mycosis

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Pneumonia

An acute or chronic disease marked by inflammation of the lungs and caused by viruses, bacteria, or

other microorganisms and sometimes by physical and chemical irritants.

Lung Absence

A necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing purulent (puslike) material

Tuberculosis

A rod-shaped bacterium with a protective waxy coat that permits it to live outside the body for a long time.

How is TB spread

droplets in the air

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Includes several conditions in which chronic obstruction of the airways leads to an ineffective exchange of

respiratory gases and makes breathing difficult

Emphysema

Crippling and debilitation condition in which obstructive and destructive changes in small airways (the

acini or terminal bronchioles) lead to a dramatic increase in the volume of air in the lungs

Pneumoconiosis

A disease of the lungs, such as asbestosis or silicosis, caused by long-continued inhalation of especially

mineral or metallic dust.

What type of cancer is 80% of all lung cancers

non-small cell

Histoplasmosis

Common disease that often produces a radiographic appearance simulating that of tuberculosis

One of the most common systemic fungal infections in North America is:

Histoplasmosis

Pulmonary Embolism

Blockage of the pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by a blood clot.

Atelectasis

A condition in which there is diminished air within tphe lung associated with reduced lung volume

Pneumomediastinum

Air within the mediastinal space may appear spontaneously, or it may result from chest trauma, from

perforation of the esophagus or tracheobronchial tree

Subcutaneous emphysema (crepitus)

Cause by penetrating or blunt injuries that disrupt the lung and parietal pleura and force air into the

tissues of the chest wall (cracking sound)

Pleural Effusion

The accumulation of fluid in the pleural space is a non-specific finding that may be caused by a wide

variety of pathologic processes.

Empyema

Refers to the presence of infected liquid or frank pus in the pleural space

What tumor is most likely to occur in the anterior compartment of the mediastinum?

Thymoma

What is the most common lung pathology of hospitalized patients?

Pulmonary Metastasis

Pulmonary edema

Refers to an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues

Pericardial Effusion

Refers to the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart.

Bronchiectasis

Refers to permanent abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi as a result of destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall.

Lymphadenopathy

A chronic, abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually associated with disease

Primary function of the respiratory system is

intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood

Where does external respiration takes place

within alveoli

What does the lower respiratory system consist of

trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

What does the upper respiratory system consist of

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Larynx

Cystic Fibrosis

secretion of excessively viscous mucus by all the exocrine glands

Pulmonary mycoses

fungal infection of the lung

Eventration

rare congenital abnormality in which one hemidiaphragm

What exam is the best to demonstrate a PE

CT

A catheter commonly used to measure cardiac output and central venous pressure is a

Swan-Ganz