Sampling Methods in Research

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to sampling methods and participant representation in research, aligning with APA guidelines and common sampling techniques.

What is the primary difference between random sampling and random assignment?

Random sampling refers to the method of selecting participants such that every individual has an equal chance of being selected; random assignment refers to assigning participants to different conditions within an experiment.

Define what a sampling frame is.

A sampling frame is the proportion of the population that can be identified and sampled.

What is the preferred way to describe participants in research according to APA guidelines?

Focus on relevant characteristics, ask participants how they prefer to be identified, and treat them as 'people first'.

What are the general pros and cons of probability sampling?

Pros: Less biased, more representative, high external validity. Cons: Expensive and not always practical.

What is systematic sampling?

Systematic sampling involves selecting every Nth person from a randomly ordered population.

Describe stratified sampling.

Stratified sampling involves creating groups (strata) and then pulling samples from those groups.

What is convenience sampling?

Convenience sampling is a method of selection based on ease of access to participants.

Why is large sample size important in research?

A large sample size increases external validity and reduces error in statistical analysis.

What is the significance of avoiding biased language in participant descriptions?

Using respectful, precise, and inclusive language helps accurately represent participants and reduces the potential for stigma.

What are the dangers of using convenience and quota sampling?

The dangers include potential bias and lack of representativeness, as seen in the 1948 election.