chapter 18 terms,Sit questions, HW questions

(Finish by 12/3)

Fire-Eaters

• Definition: Radical pro-slavery Southern Democrats in the 1850s who pushed for secession.

• Importance (APUSH): Represented extreme sectionalism and the drive toward Civil War.

• Categories:

  • Person/Group of People

  • Political

  • Social

Sutter’s mill

• Definition: Site in California where gold was first discovered in 1848.

• Importance (APUSH): Sparked the California Gold Rush, fueling westward migration and California’s statehood debate.

• Categories:

  • Economic

  • Social (migration, settlement patterns)

Harriet Tubman

• Definition: Escaped enslaved woman, conductor on the Underground Railroad.

• Importance (APUSH): Symbol of abolitionist resistance; helped hundreds escape slavery.

• Categories:

  • Person/Group of People

  • Social

  • Political (abolitionist movement influence)

Stephen douglas 

• Definition: Illinois senator, champion of popular sovereignty, author of Kansas-Nebraska Act.

• Importance (APUSH): Central figure in slavery debates; Lincoln-Douglas Debates elevated Lincoln; ran in 1860 election.

• Categories:

  • Person/Group of People

  • Political

  • Acts/Voting/Legislation (Kansas-Nebraska Act)

  • Social (debates over slavery shaped public opinion)

Popular Sovereignty

• Definition: Idea that territories should decide slavery by vote.

• Importance (APUSH): Central to debates over slavery; led to “Bleeding Kansas.”

• Categories:

  • Political

  • Acts/Voting/Legislation

  • Social (conflict in Kansas)

California Gold Rush

• Definition: Mass migration to California after gold discovery in 1848.

• Importance (APUSH): Boosted westward expansion, population growth, and California’s admission as a free state.

• Categories:

  • Economic

  • Social (migration, diversity, settlement)

  • Political (California statehood debates)

Compromise of 1850

• Definition: Series of laws balancing free/slave state interests.

• Importance (APUSH): Temporarily eased tensions but deepened divisions over slavery.

• Categories:

  • Acts/Voting/Legislation

  • Political

  • Social (impact on slavery debates)

Kansas-Nebraska Act(1854)

• Definition: Allowed popular sovereignty in Kansas/Nebraska, repealed Missouri Compromise.

• Importance (APUSH): Led to “Bleeding Kansas” and rise of Republican Party.

• Categories:

  • Acts/Voting/Legislation

  • Political

  • Social (violence, sectional conflict)

Free soilers

• Definition: Members of the Free Soil Party, opposed slavery’s expansion.

• Importance (APUSH): Influenced Republican Party formation; slogan “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, Free Men.”

• Categories:

  • Person/Group of People

  • Political

  • Social (anti-slavery movement)

Underground Railroad

• Definition: Secret network helping enslaved people escape.

• Importance (APUSH): Symbol of abolitionist resistance; heightened Southern fears.

• Categories:

  • Social

  • Political (undermined slavery laws)

  • Person/Group of People (abolitionists involved)

Fugitive slave law of 1850

• Definition: Required citizens to assist in capturing runaway slaves.

• Importance (APUSH): Infuriated Northerners, strengthened abolitionist movements, increased sectional conflict.

• Categories:

  • Acts/Voting/Legislation

  • Political

  • Social (resistance, abolitionist activism)

Republican party

• Definition: Political party formed in opposition to slavery’s expansion.

• Importance (APUSH): Became major anti-slavery party; Lincoln’s election led to secession.

• Categories:

  • Political

  • Person/Group of People (party members, leaders)

  • Social (anti-slavery movement base)

What problems did the California Gold Rush create for the U.S government

What issues had arisen in the south over slavey

Describe the compromise of 1850(what were the concession to the north and south)

How did the north get the better deal in the compromise of 1850

What was the controversy with thte Kansas-Nebraska act

What were the political effects of the Kansas-Nebraska act?

How did both Whigs and Democrats deal with slavery as a political issue(postive and negatives)

They let the citizens decide/ Popular sovereignty

• Pro’s

- Let the people make the choice

• cons

- Very risky

- Difficult moral issue

Why was california’s application for statehood so important

It was extremely valuable for the United states with resources

Who wanted to have a president for the north and south

John c. Calhoun

Who agrued that slavery and compromise would be better than disunion

Stephen Douglas, Herny clay, Denial webster

Describe the conditions of compromise of 1850

Popular Sovereignty

California will be a free state

Change in the Fegutitve slave law

What unintended economic impact did the compromise have on the civil war

The north grew due to the industral revolution

What treaty did the us sign in 1844

Wanghia Treaty: A treaty which allowed the us to trade in certain parts of the china

How did the U.S open japan to trading in the 1850’s 

They gave them gave gift(Steam boats, Railroads)

Why did the U.S acquire the Gadsden purchase

Because they wanted to build a railroad from texas to california

Describe the conditions of the Kansas-Nebraska act 

-Would organzine Kansas and Nebraska into terroites

-Would build a railroad from chaigo

-Popular sov

Why have many historians views the Kansas-Nebraska act as the point of no return towards the civil war

It dismissed the Compromise of 1850