Spanish 2 Preterite Tense

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29 Terms

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Preterite Verbs

Preterite verbs are the past-tense form of verbs

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Words indicating the Usage of the Preterite form

•yesterday-ayer

•the day before yesterday-anteayer

•last week-semana pasada

•last month-mes pasado

•last night-anoche

•this morning-esta mañana

•last year-año pasado

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How to Change into Preterite Form

combine the root with the appropriate ending in accordance to the ending (-ar, -er, -ir)

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-AR regular verbs

yo-é

tú-aste

Ud./él/ella-ó

nosotros-amos

vosotros-asteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-aron

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Example of Regular Preterite Verb

•Hablar

yo-hablé

tú-hablaste

Ud./él/ella-habló

nosotros-hablamos

vosotros-hablasteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-hablaron

•Cantar

yo-canté

tú-cantaste

Ud./él/ella-cantó

nosotros-cantamos

vosotros-cantasteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-cantaron

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-ER/-IR regular verbs

yo-í

tú-iste

Ud./él/ella-ió

nosotros-imos

vosotros-isteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-ieron

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Example of Regular Preterite Verb

•Comer

yo-comí

tú-comiste

Ud./él/ella-comió

nosotros-comimos

vosotros-comisteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-comieron

•Vivir

yo-viví

tú-viviste

Ud./él/ella-vivió

nosotros-vivimos

vosotros-vivisteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-vivieron

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"yo form" Changes

-only change in the yo form

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Instances of "yo form" changes

verbs ending in:

-gar=gué

-car=qué

-zar=cé

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Examples of "yo form" changes

•Jugar

jugué

jugaste

jugó

jugamos

jugasteis

jugaron

•Sacar

saqué

sacaste

sacó

sacamos

sacasteis

sacaron

•Empezar

empecé

empezaste

empezó

empezamos

empezasteis

empezaron

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Irregular or "Weird" Conjugations

Some verbs are "weird" in the sense that they don't follow the regular preterite forms. Also, these verbs don't have any accent marks.

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Ir/Ser

*Same conjugations for both and no accent marks

yo-fui

tú-fuiste

Ud./él/ella-fue

nosotros-fuimos

vosotros-fuisteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-fueron

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Dar/Ver

*Same conjugations except the beginning of the letter; follow regular -er/-ir ending but without the accent marks

yo-di/vi

tú-diste/viste

Ud./él/ella-dio/vio

nosotros-dimos/vimos

vosotros-disteis/visteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-dieron/vieron

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"ending-change" Verbs

These verbs change their stem, and almost all follow the same conjugation format.

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Conjugations of "ending-change" Verbs

yo-e

tú-iste

Ud./él/ella-o

nosotros-imos

vosotros-isteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-ieron

*Note that in the yo and Ud./él/ella forms, the verbs follow the regular -ar verbs preterite form and the rest of the forms follow the regular -er/-ir verbs preterite forms.

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Verbs needing to "ending-change" first before conjugating

•estar=estuv

•tener=tuv

•andar=anduv

•saber=sup

•caber=cup to fit

•poder=pud

•poner=pus

•querer=quis

•venir=vin

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Examples of "ending-change" Verbs

1) estar(yo)= estuve

2) saber(tú)=supiste

3) poder(él)=pudo

4) poner(nosotros)=pusimos

5) querer(vosotros)=quisisteis

6) venir(ellos)=vinieron

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"Irregular" Irregular Verbs

Some verbs are irregularities within the irregularities.

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Example of "Irregular" Irregular Verbs

These verbs follow the same "stem-change" preterite forms, but with a different Uds./ellos/ellas form.

•traer=traj (trajeron)

•decir=dij (dijeron)

•traducir=traduj (tradujeron) to translate

This verb is the same, but with a different Ud./él/ella form instead.

•hacer=hic (hizo)

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More "Irregular" Irregular Verbs

These verbs have a different Uds./ellos/ellas form:

•conducir=conduj to drive

•reducir=reduj to reduce

•producir=produj to produce

•introducir=introduj to introduce, insert, put it

•reproducir=reproduj to reproduce

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"i-y" 3rd Person Spelling Changes

These verbs follow the regular -er/-ir spelling changes except that the i in the Ud./él/ella and Uds./ellos/ellas form changes into a y.

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Verbs following the "i-y" Change

•huir to flee or escape

yo-huí

tú-huiste

Ud./él/ella-huyó

nosotros-huimos

vosotros-huisteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-huyeron

•construir to build

yo-contruí

tú-contruiste

Ud./él/ella-contruyó

nosotros-contruimos

vosotros-contruisteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-contruyeron

•destruir to destroy

yo-destruí

tú-destruiste

Ud./él/ella-destruyó

nosotros-destruimos

vosotros-destruisteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-destruyeron

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Additional Rules to the "i-y" Rule

Some verbs following this rule must also have an accent mark in the tú, nosotros, and vosotros form.

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Examples with the Additional Rule

•leer

yo-leí

tú-leíste

Ud./él/ella-leyó

nosotros-leímos

vosotros-leísteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-leyeron

•creer

yo-creí

tú-creíste

Ud./él/ella-creyó

nosotros-creímos

vosotros-creísteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-creyeron

•caer (se) to fall

yo-caí

tú-caíste

Ud./él/ella-cayó

nosotros-caímos

vosotros-caísteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-cayeron

•oír to hear or listen

yo-oí

tú-oíste

Ud./él/ella-oyó

nosotros-oímos

vosotros-oísteis

Uds./ellos/ellas-oyeron

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"stem-change" Verbs

These verbs follow the same pattern as the conjugations of -ir verbs in the preterite form, but a "stem-change" happens to the root in the 3rd Person.

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-ir "stem-change" Rules

These verbs change a letter of their roots to another:

•e-->i

•o-->u

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"e-->i" Stem-Change Verbs

•pedir=pidió, pidieron

•sentir(se)=sintió, sintieron

•preferir=prefirió, prefirieron

•reír(se)=rió, rieron to laugh

*Note that reír also has an accent mark on the i in the tú, nosotros, and vosotros form. (reí, reíste, reímos, reísteis)

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Other "e-->i" Stem Change Verbs

•servir

•vestir(se) to dress

•repetir

•seguir

•divertir(se) to have fun

•sugerir to suggest

•despedir(se) to say goodbye

•conseguir to get, to obtain

•sonreír(se) to smile

•mentir to lie

•competir to compete

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"o-->u" Stem-Change Verbs

•dormir=durmió, durmieron

•morir=murió, murieron