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Preterite Verbs
Preterite verbs are the past-tense form of verbs
Words indicating the Usage of the Preterite form
•yesterday-ayer
•the day before yesterday-anteayer
•last week-semana pasada
•last month-mes pasado
•last night-anoche
•this morning-esta mañana
•last year-año pasado
How to Change into Preterite Form
combine the root with the appropriate ending in accordance to the ending (-ar, -er, -ir)
-AR regular verbs
yo-é
tú-aste
Ud./él/ella-ó
nosotros-amos
vosotros-asteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-aron
Example of Regular Preterite Verb
•Hablar
yo-hablé
tú-hablaste
Ud./él/ella-habló
nosotros-hablamos
vosotros-hablasteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-hablaron
•Cantar
yo-canté
tú-cantaste
Ud./él/ella-cantó
nosotros-cantamos
vosotros-cantasteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-cantaron
-ER/-IR regular verbs
yo-í
tú-iste
Ud./él/ella-ió
nosotros-imos
vosotros-isteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-ieron
Example of Regular Preterite Verb
•Comer
yo-comí
tú-comiste
Ud./él/ella-comió
nosotros-comimos
vosotros-comisteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-comieron
•Vivir
yo-viví
tú-viviste
Ud./él/ella-vivió
nosotros-vivimos
vosotros-vivisteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-vivieron
"yo form" Changes
-only change in the yo form
Instances of "yo form" changes
verbs ending in:
-gar=gué
-car=qué
-zar=cé
Examples of "yo form" changes
•Jugar
jugué
jugaste
jugó
jugamos
jugasteis
jugaron
•Sacar
saqué
sacaste
sacó
sacamos
sacasteis
sacaron
•Empezar
empecé
empezaste
empezó
empezamos
empezasteis
empezaron
Irregular or "Weird" Conjugations
Some verbs are "weird" in the sense that they don't follow the regular preterite forms. Also, these verbs don't have any accent marks.
Ir/Ser
*Same conjugations for both and no accent marks
yo-fui
tú-fuiste
Ud./él/ella-fue
nosotros-fuimos
vosotros-fuisteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-fueron
Dar/Ver
*Same conjugations except the beginning of the letter; follow regular -er/-ir ending but without the accent marks
yo-di/vi
tú-diste/viste
Ud./él/ella-dio/vio
nosotros-dimos/vimos
vosotros-disteis/visteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-dieron/vieron
"ending-change" Verbs
These verbs change their stem, and almost all follow the same conjugation format.
Conjugations of "ending-change" Verbs
yo-e
tú-iste
Ud./él/ella-o
nosotros-imos
vosotros-isteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-ieron
*Note that in the yo and Ud./él/ella forms, the verbs follow the regular -ar verbs preterite form and the rest of the forms follow the regular -er/-ir verbs preterite forms.
Verbs needing to "ending-change" first before conjugating
•estar=estuv
•tener=tuv
•andar=anduv
•saber=sup
•caber=cup to fit
•poder=pud
•poner=pus
•querer=quis
•venir=vin
Examples of "ending-change" Verbs
1) estar(yo)= estuve
2) saber(tú)=supiste
3) poder(él)=pudo
4) poner(nosotros)=pusimos
5) querer(vosotros)=quisisteis
6) venir(ellos)=vinieron
"Irregular" Irregular Verbs
Some verbs are irregularities within the irregularities.
Example of "Irregular" Irregular Verbs
These verbs follow the same "stem-change" preterite forms, but with a different Uds./ellos/ellas form.
•traer=traj (trajeron)
•decir=dij (dijeron)
•traducir=traduj (tradujeron) to translate
This verb is the same, but with a different Ud./él/ella form instead.
•hacer=hic (hizo)
More "Irregular" Irregular Verbs
These verbs have a different Uds./ellos/ellas form:
•conducir=conduj to drive
•reducir=reduj to reduce
•producir=produj to produce
•introducir=introduj to introduce, insert, put it
•reproducir=reproduj to reproduce
"i-y" 3rd Person Spelling Changes
These verbs follow the regular -er/-ir spelling changes except that the i in the Ud./él/ella and Uds./ellos/ellas form changes into a y.
Verbs following the "i-y" Change
•huir to flee or escape
yo-huí
tú-huiste
Ud./él/ella-huyó
nosotros-huimos
vosotros-huisteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-huyeron
•construir to build
yo-contruí
tú-contruiste
Ud./él/ella-contruyó
nosotros-contruimos
vosotros-contruisteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-contruyeron
•destruir to destroy
yo-destruí
tú-destruiste
Ud./él/ella-destruyó
nosotros-destruimos
vosotros-destruisteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-destruyeron
Additional Rules to the "i-y" Rule
Some verbs following this rule must also have an accent mark in the tú, nosotros, and vosotros form.
Examples with the Additional Rule
•leer
yo-leí
tú-leíste
Ud./él/ella-leyó
nosotros-leímos
vosotros-leísteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-leyeron
•creer
yo-creí
tú-creíste
Ud./él/ella-creyó
nosotros-creímos
vosotros-creísteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-creyeron
•caer (se) to fall
yo-caí
tú-caíste
Ud./él/ella-cayó
nosotros-caímos
vosotros-caísteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-cayeron
•oír to hear or listen
yo-oí
tú-oíste
Ud./él/ella-oyó
nosotros-oímos
vosotros-oísteis
Uds./ellos/ellas-oyeron
"stem-change" Verbs
These verbs follow the same pattern as the conjugations of -ir verbs in the preterite form, but a "stem-change" happens to the root in the 3rd Person.
-ir "stem-change" Rules
These verbs change a letter of their roots to another:
•e-->i
•o-->u
"e-->i" Stem-Change Verbs
•pedir=pidió, pidieron
•sentir(se)=sintió, sintieron
•preferir=prefirió, prefirieron
•reír(se)=rió, rieron to laugh
*Note that reír also has an accent mark on the i in the tú, nosotros, and vosotros form. (reí, reíste, reímos, reísteis)
Other "e-->i" Stem Change Verbs
•servir
•vestir(se) to dress
•repetir
•seguir
•divertir(se) to have fun
•sugerir to suggest
•despedir(se) to say goodbye
•conseguir to get, to obtain
•sonreír(se) to smile
•mentir to lie
•competir to compete
"o-->u" Stem-Change Verbs
•dormir=durmió, durmieron
•morir=murió, murieron