insy 2303 exam 3

critical path

in a PERT chart, the sequence of tasks that takes the shortest time to complete

application development tool

software such as 4GLs, expert systems shells, and component objects, that can be assembled into the application software for an information system

CRM-customer relationship management

a technique for increasing profitability by improving the relationship between as company and its customers

ERP-enterprise resource planning

a suite of software modules that integrate major business activities, such as sales, CRM, and SCM

feature creep

an undesirable occurrence during information system development when users, customers, or designers attempt to add features after the final specifications have been approved

JAD-joint application development

the best information systems are designed when end users and systems analysts work together on a project as equal partners

object-oriented methodology

an approach to system development that regards the elements of a system as a collection of objects that interact with each other to accomplish tasks

system conversion

the process of deactivating an old information system and activating the new one

unit testing

process of testing a completed application module to make sure that it operates reliably and correctly

integration testing

testing of completed modules of an application to ensure that they operate together correctly

system testing

process of testing an information system to ensure that all of the hardware and software components work together

data flow diagram (DFD)

illustrates how data moves through an information system

gnatt charts

horizontal bar charts that depict project schedules by showing each task as a bar on the chaty

SDLC (system development life cycle)

the series of phases that outlines the development process of an information system

success factors

system requirements that also serve as an evaluation checklist at the end of a development project

UML (unified modeling language)

a tool for diagramming set of object classes

WBS (work breakdown structure)

a project management tool based on a hierarchical structure of tasks and deliverables

vertical market (of software)

applications designed to meet the needs of a specific market segment or industry, such as medical record-keeping software for use in hospitals

horizontal market

an opportunity for sales of a product (such as accounting software) or a service that meets the needs of a wide range of buyers)

e-commerce

business of buying and selling products online

fuzzy logic

technique used within an expert system to deal with imprecise data by incorporating the probability that the input information is correct

expert system

software tool containing an inference engine and user interface that developers use to enter facts and rules for a knowledge base

DSS (decision support system)

a computer system that allows decision makers to manipulate data directly, to incorporate data from external sources, and to create data models of “what-if” scenarios

PERT (program evaluation and review technique)

a project management technique that displays interconnected events and task milestones on a timeline

TPS(transaction processing system)

a system that keeps track of transactions for an organization by providing ways to collect, display, modify, and cancel transactions

batch processing

a processing system that involves holding a group of transactions for processing until the end of a specified period of time

OLTP (online transaction processing)

interactive online transaction processing methods that use a “commit or rollback” strategy to ensure accurate transaction processing

exception report

generated by a management information system listing information that is outside normal or acceptable ranges, such as a reorder report showing low-stock inventory items

summary report

generated by management information system that combines or groups of data and usually provides totals, such as a report of total annual sales for the past 5 years

ad hoc report

a report that contains a business intelligence process designed to answer a single specific business question

SDLC- 1st phase:planning

goal of the activities is to create a project development plan

SDLC- 2nd plan: analysis

goal is to produce a list of requirements for a new or revised information system

SDLC- 3rd phase: design

project team must figure out how the new system will fulfill requirements specified in the system requirements report

SDLC- 4th phase: implementation

project team supervises the tasks necessary to construct the new information system

SDLC- 5th phase: maintenance

day-today operation of the system, making modifications to improve performance and correcting problems

UML- use case diagram

documentation of the users of an information system and their functions

UML- class diagram

provides the name of each object, a list of the objects attributes, list of methods, and an indication of the cardinality between objects

UML- sequence diagram

tool used by a project team that depicts the detailed interactions that take place within an information system

expert system- knowledge based system

computer system to analyze data and produce a recommendation, diagnoses, or decision based on a set of facts and rules

expert system- inference engine

facts and rules of an expert system are incorporated into a knowledge base which is stored in a computer file and can be manipulated by software

expert system- knowledge engineering

process of designing, entering, and testing the rules in an expert system

ecommerce - B2B (business to business)

ecommerce exchange of products, services, or information between businesses

ecommerce - B2C (business to consumer)

ecommerce exchange of products, services, or information between businesses and consumers

ecommerce - B2G (business to government)

an ecommerce exchange of products, services, or information between business and governments

ecommerce -C2C (consumer to consumer)

an ecommernce of exchange of products, services, or information between consumers such as online auctions

DBMS (database management system)

application software that assists the user in manipulating, storing, and maintaining database files

data independence

separation of data from the programs that manipulate the data

data redundancy

repetition of data within a database

normalization

process of analyzing data to create the most efficient database structure

data warehouse

collection of information organized for analysis

operational database

used in day to day business operations

big data

huge collections of data that are difficult to process, analyze, and manage using conventional database tools

data mining

analyzing data to discover patterns and relationships that are important to decision making

cardinality

description of the numeric relationship that exists between two record types (one to one, one to many, or many to many)

ERD (entity relationship diagram)

graphically depicts relationships between record types

relationship

in context of databases, an association between entities that can be used to link records in more than one file