bio lab exam 2

oscillatoria (prokaryote)

- filamentous autotrophic bacterium

- forms long cells that can break to form new strands

- sways back and forth

oscillatoria

What specimen is this under the microscope?

spirogyra (eukaryote)

- filamentous green algae

- can be unicellular or seaweed like

spirogyra

What specimen is this under the microscope?

spirogyra, conjugation

What specimen is this under the microscope and what is the image depicting?

chloroplasts

What is the spiraling structure inside the spirogyra?

sexually, conjugation

How does spirogyra reproduce?

fern

Which group has sori?

equisetum

Which group has branches and leaves arranged in whorls?

seedless vascular plants

With which group do true roots start?

protists

With which group does sexual reproduction start?

bryophytes

With which group does alternation of generations start?

bryophytes, seedless vascular plants

Which groups can you see the gametophyte?

cyanobacteria, protists, gymnosperms, angiosperms

Which groups can you not see the gametophyte?

liverwort

What specimen is this under the microscope?

no

Do the pores on liverworts close?

moss

What specimen is this under the microscope?

spores

What is inside the structure with the annulus (fern)?

sporangia

What is the structure that produces and stores spores (fern)?

to disperse spores by acting like a catapult

What is the job of the annulus (fern)?

equisetum (scouring rush)

What specimen is this?

fern, sori

What specimen is this under the microscope and what is it depicting?

gymnosperms

Which plants make a seed to protect and nourish the embryo but the seed is NOT in an ovary (fruit/flower)?

giant sequoia/General Sherman, gymnosperm

What is the largest individual organism? Is it a gymnosperm or an angiosperm?

bristlecone pine, gymnosperm

What is the oldest living individual organism? Is it a gymnosperm or an angiosperm?

vessels

What structure is only found in angiosperms?

wood

common name for secondary xylem

bark

common name for secondary phloem

apical meristem

What structure is responsible for upward growth?

vascular cambium/cambial meristem

What structure is responsible for outward growth?

pit

Looking at a cross section of a pine, what is the part of the stem called that was produced by the apical meristem?

xylem and phloem

What type of tissues are produced by the vascular cambium? The vascular cambium is between which two tissue types?

no, rays

In a radial section, are all of the cells oriented in the same direction? If not, which cells are different?

rays, carry sugar and water sideways

What is the name and job of the tissue perpendicular to the tracheids?

border between tracheids that water can flow through

What is the job of the bordered pits?

2 years

How long does it take a female pinecone to mature?

4 cells

Until the pollen grain comes into contact with an ovule, how many cells does it consist of?

size, the ovulate cone is much bigger

What is the biggest difference between the ovulate and staminate cone?

yes

Does the ovule touch air in the gymnosperm?

ovules for seed development

What do ovulate cones produce?

pollen grains

What do staminate cones produce?

2 ovules

Looking at a mature cone, how many ovules are produced per scale?

fleshy fruits

What type of fruits have a soft, juicy pulp that surrounds the seeds?

dehiscent fruits

What type of fruits naturally splits open and releases its seeds when dry?

indehiscent fruits

What type of fruits rely on decomposing to disperse their seeds and not on splitting open?

coulter pine

Which gymnosperm produces the heaviest cones?

sugar pine

Which gymnosperm produces the largest cones?

superior ovary

What kind of ovary position is pictured?

inferior ovary

What kind of ovary position is pictured?

pine, cross section

What specimen and from what section is this pictured?

pine, radial section

What specimen and from what section is this pictured?

ovulate cone

What kind of pine cone is this under a microscope?

staminate cone

What kind of pine cone is this under a microscope?

pollen

This is a close up of what kind of structure from a staminante cone?

ash, cross section, vessels

What specimen and from what section is this pictured? What structure can you see here that you can’t see in gymnosperms?

ash, radial section

What specimen and from what section is this pictured?

bordered pits

What doughnut-like structures can you see in this radial section?

2 hands

How many hands should be used to hold the microscope during transportation?

change how much light is let in

What do the dimmer and illuminator change?

4x (then 10x, 40x, 100x)

Which power objective should be used first?

400x

What is the total magnification when using the 40x objective lens?

nitrogen fixation

What is the job of the heterocysts in cyanobacteria?

berry

Fleshy fruit with many seeds is known as what?

hesperidium

Fruit with a leathery rind and multiple sections inside is known as what?

pepo

Fruit with a hard, thick rind and no sections inside is known as what?

pome

Fruit where the edible part develops from the floral receptacle that surrounds the ovary is known as what?

drupe

Fleshy fruit with a hard layer enclosing a single seed is known as what?

moss

selaginella, sphagnum

brown algae

ectocarpus

red algae

polysiphonia

cyanobacteria

oscillatoria, anabaena

green algae

chlamydomonas, spirogyra, volvox

liverwort

marchantia

seedless vascular plant

psilotum, equisetum, ferns

gymnosperms

gnetum, cycad, ginkgo, conifer

angiosperms

monocots, dicots