Unit One: Drug Forms and Routes of Administration

A comprehensive set of 45 flashcards covering drug forms, parenteral, enteral, and percutaneous routes, and syringe measurements based on Unit One lecture notes.

What is the definition of a solution?

A mixture of solute and solvent

How are syrups defined in drug forms?

solution with sugar

What characterizes elixirs?

Alcoholic preparations

What are lozenges or troches?

Dissolvable solid drug forms

What is the purpose of an enteric-coated drug form?

does not dissolve in stomach, dissolved in less acidic environments

What is the function of delayed release medications?

produce effects over an extended period of time

At what temperature do suppositories melt?

body temperature

What defines the parenteral route of administration?

does not involve the GI tract, drug delivery is through injections

What are the absorption and onset characteristics of parenteral administration?

Rapid drug absorption and onset of action

What are four examples of parenteral injections named in the transcript?

Intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (sub-Q), and intrathecal (spine)

What is the enteral route of administration?

One that involves the GI tract, oral or NG tube

What is the typical delay for drug action in the enteral route?

$$30-60\,\text{min}$$

Which route is described as the safest method of administration?

Enteral

What is the percutaneous route of administration?

skin and mucous membranes

What are three examples of the percutaneous route?

Topical, transdermal, and sublingual/buccal

Which specific sites are mentioned for Intramuscular (IM) injections?

Gluteal and deltoid

Aside from common injections, what are six other parenteral administration types listed?

Intradermal, Intra-pleural, Intra-arterial, Intracardiac, Intrathecal, and Intraosseous

What are the characteristics of an ampule?

glass container, single dose

What special equipment is needed when drawing solution from an ampule?

A filtered needle

What are the characteristics of a vial?

A sealed, multi-use container

What is a required step for preparing a vial before use?

Sterilize the top

In what units is insulin measured?

Units

is an 18 gauge needle or a 16 gauge needle thicker

16 gauge thicker

What are the numeric equivalencies of $1/2$ expressed in the notes?

$0.5$ or $50\%$

How would a concentration of $1\,\text{ml}/25\,\text{mg}$ of drug be written as a ratio?

$$1:25$$

What is preferred for administration via a nasogastric (NG) tube?

Solutions

What must be done to pills before they are given through a nasogastric (NG) tube?

crushed and mixed with liquid

What task must be performed after medication administration is complete for an NG tube?

The tube must be flushed before and after

What is a specific clinical restriction for nasogastric (NG) tube medications?

Do not mix medications

What are the common enteral routes of administration?

Oral (PO), nasogastric (NG) tube, rectal, buccal, and sublingual.

Which routes can be classified as both enteral and percutaneous?

Buccal and sublingual

What are three examples of rectal enteral medications?

Enemas and suppositories

List four percutaneous routes involved with internal organs or specific cavities.

Intraocular, intra-respiratory, intravaginal, and intrauterine

What are the routes for the nose and ear respectively?

Intranasal and Otic

What is the percutaneous route that uses the windpipe?

Endotracheal

What are the forms of topical percutaneous administration?

Creams, ointments, and patches

Which percutaneous route involves application over the skin for systematic effect?

Transdermal

what does buccal mean

between gums and inner lining of the cheek.

what does sublingual mean

under the tongue what

what does intraocular mean

application within the eye

what does otic mean

application into the ear w

what does intrathecal mean

application within the spinal canal

ointment base

oil

cream base

water