Chapter 9.2 - The Ionic Bonding Model

How does a metal achieve a noble gas configuration in ionic bonding?

It loses the number of electrons needed to reach the noble gas configuration that precedes it in the periodic table

How does a nonmetal achieve a noble gas configuration in ionic bonding?

It gains the number of electrons needed to reach the noble gas configuration that comes after it in the periodic table

How do you get the compound formula from ionic bonding?

Take the charges of the nonmetal and metal, swap them, put them on the bottom of each element and simplify the numbers.

Is energy overall emitted or absorbed from ionic bonding?

Emitted

Lattice energy

The enthalpy change of 1 mol of an ionic solid into gaseous atoms

Born-Haber cycle

The series of steps and their enthalpy changes that happen during the formation of an ionic compound

What are the steps of the Born-Haber cycle?

(1) ΔH of the metal from a metallic to gaseous state

(2) ΔH of changing the nonmetals from diatomic to singular

(3) ΔH of taking the electrons from the metal

(4) ΔH of adding the electrons to the nonmetal

(5) ΔH of the opposite of lattice energy

What is ΔH_f?

The enthalpy change of the formation of an ionic compound, which is the sum of all the steps in the Born-Haber cycle

What is the largest component of ionic bonding?

Lattice energy

What does lattice energy result from?

Electrostatic interactions between ions

What does the magnitude of the lattice energy depend on?

Ionic size, ionic charge, and the arrangements of ions in the solid

What is Coulomb’s law?

The electrostatic energy between particles A and B is directly proportional to their charges multiplied and is inversely proportional to the distance between the particles

What is the sum of the ionic radii in an ionic solid?

The distance between them

How close are cations and anions in an ionic solid?

As close as possible

Do larger or smaller ions have stronger attractions to each other?

Larger ions

Does electrostatic energy decrease or increase down the periodic table?

decreases

Does lattice energy increase or decrease across the periodic table

Increase

What are the physical behaviors of an ionic solid?

It is hard, rigid, and brittle

Does an ionic solid conduct electricity?

It doesn’t unless it is dissolved in water

Are the melting point and boiling point of an ionic compound high or low?

High

Is a vaporized ionic compound made up of individual ions or ion pairs?

Ion pairs