Anatomy & Physiology of Skeletal System

Functions of Skeletal System

• Support

  • Hard framework that supports and anchros the soft organs of the body

• Protection

  • Surrounds organs such as brain and spinal cord

• Movement

  • Allows for muscle attachment therefore the bones are used as levers

• Storage

  • Minerals and lipids are stored within bone material

• Blood Cell Formation (Hematopoiesis)

  • Bone marrow is responsible for blood cell production

Anatomy of a Bone

• Compact bone

  • Hard layer covers most bones, forms shafts of long bone

• Cancellous (Spongy) bone

  • Spicules arranged in a porous network, has small open sacs filled with marrow

• Medullary Cavity

  • Space surrounded by cortex of a long bone filled with red or yellow marrow

• Epiphysis

  • Ends of the bone

• Diaphysis

  • The shaft of the bone which surrounds the medullary cavity

• Articular Cartilage

  • Cushions the ends of the bones and allows for smooth movemnet

• Episphyseal Plate

  • Areas made of cartilage allowing for the growth of the bone; lengthen

• Periosteum/EndosteumL

  • Fibrous membrane covering compact bone and cancellous bones/medullary cavity respectively of all bones

Classification of Bones

• Long

  • Act as levers, aid in support, locomotion, prehension

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