HEENT A&P and Physical Examination Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the anatomy, physical examination tools, and abnormal clinical findings of the Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat (HEENT) system.

Snellen chart

Equipment used during a physical examination to test distant visual acuity.

Jaeger test

A test used to evaluate near visual acuity during a routine eye screening.

Opthalmoscope

A device used to inspect internal eye structures including the optic disc, retinal vessels, fovea, macula, and anterior chamber.

Ptosis

An abnormal finding where the upper eyelid droops, potentially covering a portion of the pupil.

Ectropion

An abnormal finding of the external eye where the lower eyelid turns outward.

Entropion

An abnormal finding where the lower eyelid and eyelashes are rolled inward.

Exophthalmos

An abnormal finding characterized by wide-opened, bulging eyes, often associated with thyroid eye disease.

Hordeolum (Stye)

A localized swelling or infection typically found on the water line of the eyelid.

Chalazion

An abnormal finding of the external eye manifesting as a lump or cyst within the eyelid.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A bright red patch appearing in the white of the eye beneath the clear lining (conjunctiva).

Pterygium

The growth of mucous membrane onto the white part of the eye.

Cataract

An eye condition characterized by a cloudy white spot or film formed over the pupil.

Ear Tuning Fork

A tool used at frequencies of $512$ or $1,024\,Hz$ to perform hearing tests like the Weber and Rinne tests.

Otoscope

An instrument used to inspect the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane (TM).

Tympanic membrane

The eardrum, which contains landmarks such as the handle of malleus, umbo, and the cone of light.

Presbycusis

A common age-related hearing loss found in older adults.

Otosclerosis

A common condition in older adults affecting the bones of the middle ear, potentially leading to hearing loss.

Cerumen

Earwax; it may appear creamy brown and can build up in the external ear canal.

Otitis media with effusion

An accumulation of serous fluid in the middle ear behind the tympanic membrane.

Tophi

Hard, cream-colored nodules on the external ear associated with uric acid crystals.

Leukoplakia

A condition resulting in painless white patches on the tongue, gums, or inner cheeks that can lead to oral cancer.

Candidiasis

An infection (Candida albicans) that produces white plaque-like lesions on the surface of the tongue.

Geographic tongue

A condition where the tongue has white scaly patches and depressions, giving it a map-like appearance.

Tonsil Grading Scale

A scale used to measure enlargement: $1+$ is visible, $2+$ is halfway to the uvula, $3+$ is nearly touching the uvula, and $4+$ is touching one another.

Romberg test

A physical assessment of equilibrium that requires the client to stand while the examiner notes their balance.

Pharyngeal tonsil

Also known as adenoids, located in the nasopharynx.

Palpebral fissure

The white space between the open eyelids.

Limbus

The border or margin between the cornea and the sclera of the eye.