SOIL PROFILE

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9 Terms

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Soil is made up of

Several layers called horizons

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Soil Horizons

O (organic) A (topsoil) B (subsoil) C (parent rock)

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O (organic)

Surface, consists of plant litter and decomposition

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A (topsoil)

First layer of soil (humus, dark, leaching)

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B (subsoil)

Zone of accumulation – minerals and rainwater build up here creating a layer of impermeable material called hardpan (waterlogging), lighter in colour

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Waterlogging

When soil becomes saturated with water, leaving little or no air

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C (parent rock)

Made up of partially weathered parent material, solid rock known as bedrock, undisturbed by weathering process

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Leaching

When minerals, humus, and nutrients are washed down the soil horizons by rainfall

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Why is leaching negative?

As nutrients leach down, they become out of reach for plant roots