ART 271 - Ancient Greece and Rome - Study Guide -Social Roles

Consuls

The two highest elected officials of the Roman Republic who led the government and commanded the army

each could veto the other

Dictator

A temporary emergency ruler granted complete authority during crises, usually limited to six months

Imperator

A title given to a victorious military commander

later became part of the emperor’s official title as supreme leader of the army

Patronis

A wealthy protector who supported lower-status clients with money or influence in return for loyalty and public backing

Pater Familia

The male head of a Roman household with legal authority over family members and property

Patrician

A member of Rome’s wealthy aristocratic class

traditional ruling elite

Plebian

The common people of Rome (farmers, merchants, laborers)

originally had limited rights but gained more over time

Pontifex Maximus

The chief high priest of Rome responsible for supervising religion and sacred rituals

later the emperor held the role

Senate

A powerful council of Rome’s elite men who advised leaders, controlled finances, and guided foreign policy

Vestal Virgins

Priestesses of Vesta who maintained the sacred fire of Rome