DNA Structure and DNA Replication

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Last updated 4:33 PM on 5/24/26
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21 Terms

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DNA

contains the instructions for, and controls, the production of proteins

<p>contains the instructions for, and controls, the production of proteins</p>
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helicase

an enzyme that "unzips" DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together between the nitrogen bases

<p>an enzyme that "unzips" DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands together between the nitrogen bases</p>
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guanine

a nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with cytosine

<p>a nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with cytosine</p>
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base pairing

a rule that states A = T and C = G

<p>a rule that states A = T and C = G</p>
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cytosine

a nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with guanine

<p>a nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with guanine</p>
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thymine

a nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with adenine

<p>a nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with adenine</p>
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template

a single DNA strand that serves as a guide for making the matching or complementary DNA strand

<p>a single DNA strand that serves as a guide for making the matching or complementary DNA strand</p>
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deoxyribose

the pentose (5-carbon) sugar that helps make up the backbones of DNA

<p>the pentose (5-carbon) sugar that helps make up the backbones of DNA</p>
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DNA replication

the process of copying DNA to create identical strands

<p>the process of copying DNA to create identical strands</p>
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complementary

the new strand of DNA created during replication that matches the original strand of DNA by following the base-pair rule

<p>the new strand of DNA created during replication that matches the original strand of DNA by following the base-pair rule</p>
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nucleotide

the monomer (subunit) of DNA that consists of a phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogen base

<p>the monomer (subunit) of DNA that consists of a phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogen base</p>
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double helix

the shape of DNA, like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase

<p>the shape of DNA, like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase</p>
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adenine

a nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with thymine

<p>a nitrogen base in DNA that pairs with thymine</p>
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DNA polymerase

an enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to replicate a DNA molecule, and then proofreads the new DNA

<p>an enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to replicate a DNA molecule, and then proofreads the new DNA</p>
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nitrogen bases

held together by hydrogen bonds to make up the "rungs" or steps of a double helix (include: A, T, G, and C)

<p>held together by hydrogen bonds to make up the "rungs" or steps of a double helix (include: A, T, G, and C)</p>
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nucleus

location of DNA replication in eukaryotes

<p>location of DNA replication in eukaryotes</p>
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cytoplasm

location of DNA replication in prokaryotes

<p>location of DNA replication in prokaryotes</p>
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s phase

part of interphase when DNA is copied or synthesized

<p>part of interphase when DNA is copied or synthesized</p>
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replication fork

the location of the two strands of a DNA double helix separating by helicase so that the DNA molecule can be replicated

<p>the location of the two strands of a DNA double helix separating by helicase so that the DNA molecule can be replicated</p>
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ligase

An enzyme that glues fragments of DNA together

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primase

Builds RNA primer during replication to lagging strand