Cities

What is the definition of a City

Relatively permanent and highly organized centre of population, of greater size or importance than a town or village ( Brittanica)

What does the lecture say about what a city is

In reality, it depends on many factors and is hard to put one definition

Such as the: Number People ( a large number of people living in close proximity), Density of People, Economic Functions, Administrative area, Culture, Behaviour and that it has its own political economy

What is a Primate City

are cities that completely dominate- politically, economically and socially- the country in which they are located ( Lecture slides)

What is Urbanization

Process of Development and Structuring Cities including infrastructure, migration and capitalism.

What is Urbanism

Everyday life of Inhabitants/ how People interact, work and play in ways that reflect their urban location

What does Mechanical Solidarity mean

Traditional Societies are bound by common beliefs and norms to produce high levels of social cohesion was said in chapter 12 of exploring society textbook

Which Sociologist made the Mechanical/ Organic Solitary Theory

Emile Durkheim ( 1858- 1917)

What does Organic Solidarity mean

mutual dependency between people who have specialized roles in industrial societies as said in chapter 12 of the exploring society textbook

What does interdependence mean

 Being mutually dependent on each other and each others resources

What Sociologist came up with the Geminischaft and Gesellschaft theory

German Sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies

What does Gemeinschaft mean

It is similar to Durkheim’s notion of Mechanical Solidarity, where people in traditional communities are bound by ties of kinship and tradition shown in chapter 12 of exploring society textbook

What does Gesellschaft mean

the lack of community to be found in Urban Areas, which reflects the self interest of the individuals concerned. Urbanization and expansion of cities sees a decline in Gemainschaft and a rise in Gesellschaft. chapter 12 of the exploring society textbook

What is a Megalopolises

very large, continuous urban centers with huge concentrations of people. charter 12 of exploring society textbook

Who was the Sociologist who said that city life affected mental health

George Simmel: “Metropolis and Mental Life (1903)

What did George Simmel suggest about cities

He said cities were fast paced, market economy, anonymous interactions, over- stimulating environment as said in the lecture

What consequences did George Simmel say are common when living in a city

Defensive things people do is adopt a blasé attitude- nothing impacts them, More relationships are market based or transactional- what do I get out of this, increase of loneliness and alienation but also freedom

What is a fashion slave

A person devoted to keeping up fashion trends and it is Central to their identity that it consumes them

What is a fashion hero

Fashion Influencers

According to the lecture slides, what are the increases of people living in urban cities from 1800s to 2050s

in 1800, only 3% of the population lived in cities, by 1900s, 19% lived in cities and only 12 cities had over 1 million people in them. By 2005, 50% of the population were living in cities and by 2050 it is expected that 70% of the population will be.

From Our World in Data ( HYDE, 2023), what does it show about urban growth

Shows an uneven distribution, most growth will be horizontal and most urban growth will occur in the Global South. Also will be more mega cities with over 10 Million people

What does the UN World Urbanization Prospects 2024, graph show about the largest cities in the world

The biggest mega city in 2024 was Tokyo, Japan with 37 million people. New Zealand is one of the most urbanized places in the world with over 40% of NZ’s population living in Auckland showing an uneven distribution of people

According to the lecture slides, why do people move to cities

On average people are more better off in cities.Its likely you'll earn more, especially for woman, Likely to be more educated, The accessibility of services such as hospitals and support means you will live longer and be healthier, More opportunities and lots of people to connect with means that you will be more socially mobile, Smaller environmental footprint as we are all concentrated- together  means we get ecological gains, Such as energy in apartments

What are push factors according to the lecture slides

Factors resulting in people wanting to leave rural living such as Agricultural challenges, Economic pressures, Resource limits and Disasters & conflicts

What are pull factors according to the lecture slides

factors that result in people wanting to move to the city such as Better employment and social mobility opportunities, Higher living standards, Access to services (education, healthcare, etc.) and Cultural diversity

According to Our World In Data, what place has the highest rate of people living in slum households in 2020

In Africa with over 50% of the population and this is due limited access to services, no improved water or sanitation, durability of housing, overcrowding

From the small video called Why South Africa is still so Segregated by Vox ( Christina Thornell, 2021), How is socio spatial inequality illustrated.

There are two areas, side by side only a few meters apart. One is the Strand where the majority of inhabitiants are white (83%) and they have backyards and driveways. The other area is called Nomzamo and is majority Black ( 92%). This area is much more dense and have fewer basic services including less piped water and less internet access. The job Opportunies are in Cape town which is far away from where they live so they have to commute three hours to get there. Not governed by colonialism and apartheid but still see influence on these policies

From the small video called Why South Africa is still so Segregated by Vox ( Christina Thornell, 2021) Name some of the measures used to create socio spatial segregation in cities during apartheid

In 1950, the population registration act officially classified people by race. They mad laws where people could live and moved Black South Africans into areas that excluded the economy, primarily in the outskirts of the community. They were forced to have pass books with them which specified where they could work and travel.

From the small video called Why South Africa is still so Segregated by Vox ( Christina Thornell, 2021) How are inhabitants pursuing social change even implicitly

District six was made for former enslaved people, merchants, artists and immigrants lived. It was thriving and integrated community. Until it was made a white peoples area in 1966, and more than 60,000 people were forced out of there homes, and the district was destroyed. After Apartheid ended, The former residents of district six fought against private development there and succeded. Some have returned there to houses the city built.