US HISTORY 2 REVIEW TEST

Writs of Assistance

A law allowing British troops to search anyone anytime to combat smuggling. This lead to a resentment towards British troops among the colonies.

Sugar and Revenue tax

A tax on revenue and sugar, taxed wealthy without the threat of revolution

Stamp Act

Tax on all printed materials by making them require an official English stamp, affecting all people. Leads to the Stamp Act Congress

Townshend Act

Tax on imported goods. The colonies boycott and begin making their own goods(homespun clothing)

Homespun Clothing

Clothes made in the colonies, a way of boycott and symbol of resistance

Boston Massacre

British troops will kill 5 Bostonians, with only 2 of the nine tried found guilty. Will be used as a form of propaganda that will fuel the American Revolution

Tea Act

Tax on tea, led to Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts

in response to Boston Tea Party: Boston harbor is closed, limited and monitored council meetings, and leads to the Continental Congress

Continental Congress

Secret meeting between prominent figures from 12 of the 13 colonies, unites the colonies as America

Lexington and Concord

British attempt to seize stockpiled weapons, leads to the first battles of the American Revolution.

2nd Continental Congress

Raises and funds an army with George Washington as its commander. Makes it clear Americans want to fight, and is where the AOC is drafted

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies must fight and form a republic. Will appeal to some British politicians and influences Americans to revolt

Thomas Paine

Wrote Common Sense, influenced Americans to start a revolution

Declaration of Independence

Written by Thomas Jefferson on July 4, 1776. Universal in its words and appeal, lets the world know we wanted to be free and would need aid

Battle of Saratoga

Battle, American victory and the turning point of the war that convinces the French to aid America.

Yorktown

Final battle of the American Revolution where general Cornwallis surrenders to Washington with the help of the French.

General Washington

Kept the cause alive, the army in the field, and the states together. Provided great leadership that allowed the patriots to win the American Revolution

Treaty of Paris 1783

British officially recognize the independence of the U.S, ending the American Revolution

Continental Congress 1776

Called upon the colonies to draft new constitutions, allowing the sovereignty of the new states to rest on the people

Articles of Confederation

First constitution of the U.S, incredibly weak central government

Shay's Rebellion

Rebellion lead by Daniel Shays and farmers throughout the states, with little resistance proving the AoC were weak

James Madison

"Father of the Constitution," primary writer who decided to scrap the AoC instead of revise them

Virginia Plan

Suggested that states get votes based on population, becomes the House of Representatives

New Jersey Plan

Suggested each state should have 1 vote, becomes the Senate

Great Compromise

Agreement to a bicameral legislature made up of the HoR and Senate. Without compromise, there wouldn't be the Constitution

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement that counted three-fifths of the Souths slaves for representation, as long as the Slave trade will be debated in 1807. Without compromise, there wouldn't be the Constitution

Electoral College

A body of voters who elect the president, showing the government doesn't fully trust the people to vote

Federalists

supporters of the Constitution, federal govt, and were typically more influential. Convinced many Americans to favor the Constitution

Anti-Federalists

Americans who opposed the Constitution and a strong federal govt, typically poorer. Their compromise leads to the BoR

The Constitution

Document that defines the powers of the govt and will govern the United States as well as influence other nation's govts

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the Constitution, ratified 1791 and provided individual freedoms to all American citizens

9th Amendment

Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution, as our nation changes so do our rights

10th Amendment

State's Rights, power not states in the Constitution must go back to the states, establishing a power struggle between states and federal govt

Hamilton's Program

Assumes all the states debt under one national debt, est. a National Bank, Whiskey tax, and tariff. Further unifies states under National Debt

The Elastic Clause

Congress may pass any laws necessary to carry out the powers of govt, allowing for a compromise where Hamilton's Program would be supported by Jefferson's camp as long as capital is moved to D.C

Jay's Treaty

Made by John Jay in 1794 after British impression of American sailors. States British shall evacuate posts in U.S, pay for recent ship seizures, and for U.S to pay back debts to British merchants. Splits nation into first parties

Election of 1796

First election with political parties; Adams winning presidency with Jefferson as vice. Adams does a quasi war with French and expands Navy

Revolution of 1800

Hamilton convinces for Jefferson victory in a re-vote between Jefferson and Burr. Adam's surrender of power to elected winners est. vital precedent of peaceful transfer of power

Thomas Jefferson

Reduced federal govt's powers and military, even paying part of national debt. Showed importance of being conservative and liberal

Louisiana Purchase

After Haitian Revolution, Madison was able to negotiate with Napoleon. Doubles U.S's size for only 15mil, showing Jefferson can act conservative and liberal

The Embargo

Law banning sailors from travelling to foreign ports to protect them from British impression. Shows the U.S isn't ready for war and that the govt is willing to do what they think will protect the American people

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and British where the British would burn White House. Ends with Treaty of Ghent, leading to an increased sense of nationalism, better army/navy, and revived U.S bank

Robert Fulton

Invented the steamboat, lowering cost of transport and products as well as increasing consumption

The Clermont

The first steamboat invented by Robert Fulton, lowered cost of transport and products as well as increased consumption

Erie Canal

363 mile canal finished 1825; made across upstate NY connecting it to the Great Lakes. Reduced cost of transport, products, and increased consumption

Railroads

Opened vast new areas of the American interior, eventually growing to networks larger than the rest of the world. EXPONENTIALLY decreased cost of transport, products, and increased consumption

Telegraph

Device invented by Samuel Morse that used codes for messages over electric wires, greatly benefited society through faster info

Samuel Morse

Invented the telegraph, greatly benefited businesses, economics, and society through faster travel of info

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin, revitalized slavery despite his intention to reduce it

Cotton Gin

Device/machine invented by Eli Whitney that separated seeds from cotton, revitalizing slavery

Nativists

Americans who believed nativism, blaming immigrants for social ills and promoting negative attitudes towards immigrants and immigration

Nativism

Idea that feared the impact of immigration and immigrants on politics, jobs, and society, promoting negative attitudes towards them