Reform Acts - 1867

What was passed in 1867?

2nd reform act

When was the second reform act passed?

1867

3 factors leading to 1867 reform act

-Oct 1865 PM Palmerston (who opposed reform) dies and Russell becomes PM

-Growth of mass newspapers allow people to follow international happenings eg: Polish revolt 1863, American Civil war 1861-65

-Demand from political groups such as Reform Union (est. 1864) and Reform League (est. 1865)

What is

-Oct 1865 PM Palmerston (who opposed reform) dies and Russell becomes PM

-Growth of mass newspapers allow people to follow international happenings eg: Polish revolt 1863, American Civil war 1861-65

-Demand from political groups such as Reform Union (est. 1864) and Reform League (est. 1865)

3 factors leading to 1867 reform act

When did PM Palmerston die and how did this lead to 1867 Reform act?

Oct 1865

He opposed reform but Russell took over

What happened in OCT 1865?

PM Palmerston (who opposed reform) dies and Russell takes over

Examples of international happenings people could follow with growth of mass circulation newspapers

Polish revolt 1863

American Civil war 1861-65

2 political groups demanding reform in 1860s

Reform Union (est.1864)

Reform League (est.1865)

When was the Reform Union established and what did it support?

1864

Moderate extension of the franchise

Secret ballot

When was Reform league established and what did it support?

1865

Universal male suffrage

Reform Union

Established 1864

M/C support who saw reform as a means of furthering own commercial interests

Reform = more efficient and effective gov

Supported moderate extension of franchise and secret ballot

What is

Established 1864

M/C support who saw reform as a means of furthering own commercial interests

Reform = more efficient and effective gov

Supported moderate extension of franchise and secret ballot

Reform Union

What 1860s reform group had m/c support and why?

Reform Union

M/C saw reform as:

-means to further own commercial interests

-reform = more efficient and effective gov

Reform League

Established 1865

Skilled w/c support

Supported Universal male suffrage

Worked with Reform Union

What is

Established 1865

Skilled w/c support

Supported Universal male suffrage

Worked with Reform Union

Reform League

Who supported the Reform League?

Skilled W/C

How many versions of 1867 Reform act was there?

4

March 1866

Feb 1867

18 March 1867

August 1867

What is

4

March 1866

Feb 1867

18 March 1867

August 1867

Versions of 1867 reform act

When was 1867 reform act passed?

August 1867

What happened in March 1866?

Gladstone’s reform bill

Who presented first version of 1867 reform act?

Gladstone

March 1866

Gladstone’s March 1866 reform bill (1st of 1867 reform act)

County: Tenants paying annual rate of £14 or more

Borough: Reduce franchise to £7

What version of 1867 reform act had these terms?

County: Tenants paying annual rate of £14 or more

Borough: Reduce franchise to £7

Gladstone’s March 1866 bill

Opposition to Gladstone’s March 1866 bill

Disraeli

CONS

Whigs led by Lowe + Adullamites

Who led the Whig opposition to Gladstone’s March 1866 bill?

Lowe + Adullamites

Gladstone’s March 1866 bill…

failed

gov resigned June 1866 minority CONS gov takes over

Why did the CONS gov that took over June 1866 push for reform? (3)

-Show tories are still a major political party

-Reform league meetings in Trafalgar Square

-Widespread economic distress, esp coz of cotton famine

What is

-Show tories are still a major political party

-Reform league meetings in Trafalgar Square

-Widespread economic distress, esp coz of cotton famine

3 reasons why Tory gov that took over in June 1866 pushed for reform

Where were the Reform League doing their meetings in the 1860s?

Trafalgar Square

What happened in Feb 1867?

Disraeli introduces reform proposals

When did Disraeli introduce his reform proposals?

FEB 1867

Who introduced the 2nd version of 1867 reform act?

Disraeli

FEB 1867

Consequence of Disraeli reform proposals FEB 1867

Caused split in Tory party + ministers immediately resign (Cranborne, Carnavan + Peel) so Disraeli withdraws it

Why did Disraeli withdraw his Feb 1867 reform proposals?

Caused split in Tory party + 3 minsters immediately resigned (Cranborne, Carnavan + Peel)

Who were the 3 ministers who immediately resigned after Disraeli’s Feb 1867 reform proposals?

Cranborne, Carnavan + Peel

Who were Cranborne, Carnavan and Peel?

3 Tory ministers who immediately resigned after Disraeli’s Feb 1867 reform proposals

What happened 18 March 1867?

3rd version of 1867 Reform Act

When was the 3rd version of the 1867 reform act?

18 March 1867

18 March 1867 reform act terms

County: Rented land worth £15 a year

Borough: All male householders of 2 years residency and paid rates directly to local authority

What version of 1867 Reform act had these terms?

County: Rented land worth £15 a year

Borough: All male householders of 2 years residency and paid rates directly to local authority

18 March 1867

Negatives of 18 March 1867 reform act (3rd version)

-Compounder tenants and lodgers in towns don’t qualify

-Proposed fancy franchise for: uni grads, members of learned professions, those w/ £50 in bank

Who didn’t qualify for 18 March 1867 electorate?

Compounders and lodgers in towns

What is

-Compounder tenants and lodgers in towns don’t qualify

-Proposed fancy franchise for: uni grads, members of learned professions, those w/ £50 in bank

Negatives of 18 March 1867 reform act

Who was included in proposed fancy franchises?

Uni grads

Members of learned professions

Those w/ £50 in bank

What were

Uni grads

Members of learned professions

Those w/ £50 in bank

Those who would qualify for proposed fancy franchises

Reaction to 18 March 1867 Reform act

Reform Union + League felt it was too modest

Organised meeting of 200,000 in Hyde Park that turned to riots

What is

Reform Union + League felt it was too modest

Organised meeting of 200,000 in Hyde Park that turned to riots

Reaction to 18 March 1867 Reform Act

What happened in August 1867?

Reform Act was amended and passed into law

1867 Reform Act final terms

County: Those who rented land worth £15 a year

Borough: Male householders who had residency of a year

Lodgers of 1 year residency who paid £10 rent a year

Abolished distinction b/t lodgers + compounders (ts alone enfranchised 500,000)

Dropped fancy franchises

What version of reform act had these terms?

County: Those who rented land worth £15 a year

Borough: Male householders who had residency of a year

Lodgers of 1 year residency who paid £10 rent a year

Abolished distinction b/t lodgers + compounders (ts alone enfranchised 500,000)

Dropped fancy franchises

Final version of 1867 Reform Act (passed in August)

Impact of 1867 reform etc on electorate

County: UP to 800,000 voters

Borough: UP to 1,200,000 voters (distinction b/t compounders + lodgers abolished alone enfranchised 500,000)

How many adult males could vote coz of 1867 reform act?

1 in 3

1 in 3 adult males could

vote coz of 1867 reform act

Impact of 1867 reform act on county franchise

UP to 800,000 voters

What electorate was UP to 800,000 voters from 1867 reform act?

County

What electorate was UP to 1,200,000 voters from 1867 reform act?

Boroughs

What measure of borough franchise in 1867 Reform act alone enfranchised 500,000 men?

Abolition of distinction b/t lodgers and compounders

Borough qualifications 1867 reform act

Male householders of 1 year

Lodgers of 1 year residency who paid £10 a year

The August 1867 reform act dropped

fancy franchises

Consequences

Boroughs w/ pop. of <10K lost 1 or both MPs

11 new constituencies created

English + Welsh counties allocated an extra 25 seats

3 new uni seats created