Nutrition Test 1 - Chapter 3

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What is true of digestion?
A. Occurs after absorption
B. Relies on gravity
C. Occurs only in the stomach and small intestine
D. Breaks down food into nutrients

D. Breaks down food into nutrients

Chews and mixes food with saliva

Mouth

Directs food from mouth to esophagus

Pharynx

Secretes saliva

Salvatory glands

Protects air ways while swallowing

Epiglottis

Allows Air to pass to and from lungs

Trachea

Passes food from mouth to the stomach

Esophagus

Prevents back flow from stomach to esophagus, and from esophagus to mouth

Esophageal sphincters

Separates abdomen from the thoracic cavity

Diaphragm

Churns, mixes, and grinds foods into liquid mass

Stomach

Allows passage from stomach to small intestine

Pyloric sphincter

Makes bile salts to help digest fats

Liver

Stores bile until needed

Gallbladder

Conducts Bile from liver to gallbladder, and gallbladder to small intestine

Bile ducts

Houses bacteria and lymph cells

Appendix

Secretes enzymes that digest energy-yielding nutrients to smaller particles

Small Intestine

Allows passage from small to large intestine

Ileocecal Valve

Manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients and neutralizes acid that enters small intestine

Pancreas

Conducts pancreatic juice

Pancreatic Duct

Absorbs water and Minerals and passes waste to rectum

Large Intestine (Colon)

What nutrients are bound to the blood stream?

Water-soluble nutrients (such as protein, carbohydrates,
water soluble vitamins) and smaller products of fat digestion

What nutrients are bound to the Lymphatic system?

Larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins

-- Fibers
− Support the growth and activity of bacteria
− May reduce the risks of GI infections, inflammation and disorders
− Help to regulate appetite and satiety

Prebiotics

Microbes in the GI tract:
A. Are harmful.
B. Cannot change or be modified.
C. Are influenced by prebiotics and probiotics.
D. Remain stable regardless of diet.

C. Are influenced by prebiotics and probiotics.

What does the following hormone respond to? - Gastrin

Food in the stomach

What does the following hormone respond to? - Secretin

Acidic chyme in the small intestine

What does the following hormone respond to? - Cholecystokinin

Fat or protein in the small intestine

Where if the following hormone secreted from? - Gastrin

Stomach Wall

Where if the following hormone secreted from? - Secretin

Duodenal Wall

Where if the following hormone secreted from? - Cholecystokinin

Intestinal Wall

Which of the following helps to coordinate all the digestive processes in the body?
A. Homeostasis
B. Endocrine system and nervous system
C. Feedback mechanisms
D. GI hormones

B. Endocrine system and nervous system