Media and Society Quiz #1
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Which option is only an occasional component of the linear model of mass communication?
a. Message
b. Sender
c. Receiver
d. Feedback
d. Feedback
How is a judgment reached as part of the critical process different from a personal opinion?
a. A critical process judgment will give you the correct picture of reality because it is a scientific method.
b. A critical process judgment builds on careful description, analysis, and interpretation.
c. A critical process judgment will show that the mass media is always a powerful force for democracy and social justice.
d. There is no difference between a critical process judgment and a personal opinion.
b. A critical process judgment builds on careful description, analysis, and interpretation.
Developing an informed critical perspective allows us to explore key tensions that emerge in our media culture between democracy and
a. Entertainment.
b. Commercial interests.
c. Participatory culture.
d. Politics.
b. Commercial interests.
What is true of the process by which power, resources, status, and visibility get distributed in a society?
a. Culture impacts this process, but media doesn’t.
b. The resulting distribution is usually unequal.
c. Media impacts this process, but culture doesn’t.
d. The process is apolitical.
b. The resulting distribution is usually unequal.
What is the final stage in the critical process?
a. Description
b. Engagement
c. Analysis
d. Evaluation
b. Engagement
Which term refers to the technological merging of once distinct and incompatible formats into a single format?
a. Media convergence
b. Media accommodation
c. Electronic sharing
d. Digital processing
a. Media convergence
Attaining true media literacy requires
a. Consuming high culture and resisting the urge to consume low culture.
b. Refraining from consuming media that comes from sources you think are wrong.
c. Applying a critical process to the consumption of communication media.
d. Consuming media more frequently and from multiple sources.
c. Applying a critical process to the consumption of communication media.
The linear model of mass communication was an early attempt to explain
a. How tweets are misunderstood.
b. The feedback process, in which senders filter messages by making decisions about which messages are produced for which audiences.
c. The complete control the receiver has over how their intended messages are decoded.
d. How media messages and meanings are constructed and communicated in everyday life.
d. How media messages and meanings are constructed and communicated in everyday life.
What is a value of the modern era?
a. Celebrating the individual
b. Working inefficiently
c. Faith in experts
d. Defying rational order
c. Faith in experts
Which option is the correct order for the linear model of mass communication?
a. Mass media channel, message, receiver, sender
b. Sender, mass media channel, message, receiver
c. Message, sender, mass media channel, receiver,
d. Sender, message, mass media channel, receiver
d. Sender, message, mass media channel, receiver
Which option BEST describes the second stage of the critical process?
a. Decide whether you are dealing with “high” or “low” culture.
b. Research and take careful notes about a media message and its historical context.
c. Make a judgment about the value or worth of a media message.
d. Look for patterns or themes in your particular media research.
d. Look for patterns or themes in your particular media research.
What were among the first mass-marketed products in history?
a. Magazines
b. Books
c. Pamphlets
d. Newspapers
b. Books
According to the textbook, which option is NOT associated with the digital era?
a. Social media
b. Convergence
c. The transition from an industrial society to the information age
d.The creation of a niche nation
c. The transition from an industrial society to the information age
When you engage in a discussion with a friend on Facebook about a new law passed by Congress, you are acting as a media
a. Citizen.
b. Critic.
c. Consumer.
d. Producer.
a. Citizen.
High culture is most often associated with
a. Professional wrestling, animated television programs, and rock-and-roll music.
b. Fine art, wealthy patrons, and educated audiences.
c. Reality television, pop music, and graffiti.
d. Video games and satirical news programs.
b. Fine art, wealthy patrons, and educated audiences.
According to the cultural approach to media and communication, the video game Paper Mario: The Origami King is a
a. Sender.
b. Channel.
c. Text.
d. Message.
c. Text.
During which era of communication history does the concept of masspersonal communication appear?
a. oral
b. digital
c. electronic
d. print
b. Digital
Which is an example of the interpretation stage in the critical process?
a. Researching, observing, and testing a particular media message
b. Identifying key events and central characters
c. Identifying the meanings of patterns found when studying a media message
d. Looking for patterns or common threads in the information gained early in the process
c. Identifying the meanings of patterns found when studying a media message
When you look up directions to a restaurant on Google Maps, you are acting as a media
a. Producer.
b. Citizen.
c. Critic.
d. Consumer.
d. Consumer.
When you post a strategy guide for a video game on Steam, you are acting as a media
a. Consumer.
b. Critic.
c. Citizen.
d. Producer.
d. Producer.
Which is NOT a characteristic of the Internet?
a.
It does not get clogged at a single point.
b.
It is a distributed network.
c.
It has no central power switch.
d.
It is controlled by a single authority.
d. it is controlled by a single authority.
Which of these is the best example of the Semantic Web and Internet of Things working together?
a.
Bing
b.
Vimeo
c.
Siri
d.
iTunes
c. Siri
Which invention was instrumental in making personal computers affordable?
a.
Html
b.
Fiber-optic cable
c.
Microprocessors
d.
c. Microprocessors
What impact has the Internet had on the influence of newspaper editors, network TV managers, and other centralized gatekeepers of information?
a.
The Internet has increased their influence by reducing the cost of mass communication.
b.
The Internet has reduced their influence by giving everyone the ability to share information.
c.
The Internet has increased their influence by widening the possible audience of their messages.
d.
The Internet has had no significant effect on their influence.
b. The Internet has reduced their influence by giving everyone the ability to share information.
Search engines offer a more automated route to
a.
Determining the amount of advertising placed on a given site.
b.
Discovering how many other pages link to a given site.
c.
Figuring out how recently links had been updated.
d.
Finding content.
d. Finding content.
According to advocates of net neutrality, what is the MOST LIKELY reason that companies like Comcast want to dismantle net neutrality?
a.
To provide better customer service
b.
To increase internet speeds
c.
To lower internet speeds
d.
To make more money
d. To make more money
Which statement about income and Internet access is true?
a.
People with lower incomes are more likely to rely on smartphones for all their Internet access.
b.
Access to the Internet is currently universal, regardless of income level.
c.
People with lower incomes are more likely to rely on home broadband for all their Internet access.
d.
More than half of the people with incomes over $100,000 do not have home broadband.
a. People with lower incomes are more likely to rely on smartphones for all their Internet access.
Your grandma shares a meme on Facebook that falsely accuses a politician of participating in human trafficking under the cover of a pizza shop. Your grandma is unaware that the content in this meme is untrue. This is MOST LIKELY an example of
a.
Cookies.
b.
Misinformation.
c.
Disinformation.
d.
Phishing.
b. Misinformation.
Who owns the Internet?
a.
Government agencies
b.
No one
c.
Corporations
d.
Universities
b. No one
What is the main factor contributing to the digital divide?
a.
Gender
b.
Age
c.
Health
d.
Income
d. Income
Features on apps, such as infinite scrolling and “like” buttons, developed from research into human behavior modification and designed to increase engagement with platforms are known as
a.
Addictive design.
b.
Filter bubbles.
c.
Semantic web.
d.
Data mining.
a.
Addictive design.
The first network messages were sent in what year?
a.
1990
b.
1969
c.
1971
d.
1984
b. 1969
Which of these facilitates the collection of information to create marketing profiles of web users in order to target them for advertising?
a.
Cookies
b.
Throttling
c.
Net neutrality
d.
E-commerce
a. Cookies
Which of these was an early use of the Internet?
a.
Social media
b.
Bulletin boards
c.
Multimedia sharing
d.
Advertising
b. Bulletin boards
Which of these helps to reduce the digital divide?
a.
Government limitation of web access
b.
Mobile web access via smartphones
c.
High-speed broadband service
d.
Dial-up internet access
b. Mobile web access via smartphones
ARPAnet enabled military and academic researchers to communicate on which kind of network system?
a.
centralized
b.
packet switching
c.
distributed
d.
decentralized
b. packet switching
One of the earliest instances of democratic action, fueled by social media, that resulted in four rulers being forced from power was the
a.
Metoo movement.
b.
Blacklivesmatter movement.
c.
Arab Spring.
d.
2016 election.
c. Arab Spring.
An essential innovation during the developmental stage of the Internet was
a.
Online video services.
b.
E-mail.
c.
Podcasting.
d.
Wiki websites.
b. E-mail.
Which term refers to various ways of encoding information before binary code?
a.
Semantic web
b.
Remix culture
c.
Data mining
d.
analog
d. analog
What is NOT one of the ways Internet sites and services have collected information about you for purposes of targeted advertising?
a.
Gathering your location and purchasing habits through your mobile device
b.
Scanning your e-mail messages
c.
Using information you post on your social network profile
d.
Gleaning information from the post office
d. Gleaning information from the post office
In its original meaning, rock and roll referred to
a.
s3x.
b.
drugs.
c.
improvisation.
d.
dance.
a. s3x.
Which genre of music emerged in the late 1970s as a form of rebellion against commercialism?
a.
rockabilly
b.
glam rock
c.
grunge
d.
punk rock
d. punk rock
Why did the recording and radio industries begin to cooperate with each other in the early 1950s?
a.
Movies had become very popular, and radio had a tough time keeping listeners at home without recorded music.
b.
Listeners hated that they couldn’t hear their favorite songs on the radio, so radio was forced to work with the music industry to keep their listeners.
c.
Television had become popular and stolen much of radio’s programming, so radio needed recorded music to stay relevant.
d.
ASCAP had brokered cheaper copyright fees, allowing radio to play more recorded music
c. Television had become popular and stolen much of radio’s programming, so radio needed recorded music to stay relevant.
Musical genres such as punk and hip-hop
a.
were well received by critics and consumers alike from the very beginning.
b.
are known for their well-refined and polished style.
c.
could be seen as reactions to overcommercialized “safe” music from major record labels.
d.
are sometimes referred to as psychedelic music.
c. could be seen as reactions to overcommercialized “safe” music from major record labels.
Which record format featured about twenty minutes of music on each side?
a.
60 rpm
b.
45 rpm
c.
33⅓ rpm
d.
78 rpm
c. 33⅓ rpm
The music that is passed down through a culture and performed by largely untrained musicians is known as
a.
traditional.
b.
rock.
c.
folk.
d.
funk.
c. folk.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, rock and roll
a.
presented even more of a challenge to authority.
b.
became gradually clean cut and lost some of its rebellious edge.
c.
developed into the punk movement.
d.
became more rebellious as a marketing strategy by record labels.
b. became gradually clean cut and lost some of its rebellious edge.
Who first captured sound using a bristle and a coated cylinder?
a.
Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville
b.
Thomas Edison
c.
Alan Freed
d.
Emile Berliner
Feedback
a. Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville
The music that takes aspects of gospel, older R&B, and rock and roll and adds powerful vocal performances is known as
a.
soul.
b.
hip-hop.
c.
jazz.
d.
blues.
a. soul.
Originally, Thomas Edison patented his phonograph as a type of
a.
answering machine.
b.
telegraph.
c.
record player.
d.
telephone.
a. answering machine.
In which decade was the portable cassette player introduced?
a.
1960s
b.
1950s
c.
1970s
d.
1980s
c. 1970s
Which music genre helped to break down the “boys’ club” mentality of commercial music?
a.
jazz
b.
folk
c.
punk
d.
rock and roll
c. punk
Motown, the most prominent independent label that nourished soul and Black popular music, was established in which city?
a.
Los Angeles
b.
New Orleans
c.
Manhattan
d.
Detroit
d. Detroit
The musical genre that most clearly responded to the political climate in the 1960s and 1970s was
a.
folk music.
b.
hip-hop.
c.
disco.
d.
grunge.
a. folk music.
Which statement applies to cover music in the 1950s?
a.
Songwriters were fairly compensated for their work.
b.
White cover versions of R&B hits were often more successful.
c.
Cover music began to dwindle in the 1950s as artists’ original versions gained more popularity.
d.
Black artists were often shown on successful album covers.
b. White cover versions of R&B hits were often more successful.
Which statement best describes the role of the independent record labels (indies)?
a.
The relationship between corporate giants and indie labels is always antagonistic.
b.
Unlike the major labels, indies today are inaccessible to general audiences.
c.
Independent labels are known for mostly signing well-established acts and artists.
d.
Downloads, streaming, and social media have caused the market share of indies in the U.S. to rise to nearly one-third.
d. Downloads, streaming, and social media have caused the market share of indies in the U.S. to rise to nearly one-third.
Which statement about Tin Pan Alley is NOT true?
a.
The term refers to an area in Manhattan.
b.
The first sales of records originated there.
c.
The term tin pan was used to describe the sound of the music produced in the area.
d.
Its tradition of songwriters continued through the 1950s.
b. The first sales of records originated there.
What did major Internet service providers agree to help the music industry do?
a.
promote legal downloading by advertising iTunes or other legal music download links
b.
combat illegal downloading by redirecting users to pages about digital piracy and slowing their download speeds
c.
promote legal music by packaging a subscription to streaming services like Spotify with Internet access
d.
combat illegal downloading by shutting down all P2P sites
b. combat illegal downloading by redirecting users to pages about digital piracy and slowing their download speeds
Currently, the leading revenue generators in the music industry are
a.
physical sales.
b.
synchronization royalties.
c.
streaming services.
d.
digital downloads.
c. streaming services.
The improvisational music that developed in New Orleans is known as
a.
big band.
b.
rock and roll.
c.
folk.
d.
jazz.
d. jazz.
How many American households had a television set in 1948?
a.
10 percent
b.
5 percent
c.
1 percent
d.
50 percent
c. 1 percent
In the 1950s, one mode of production was to shoot scenes out of order, either on a soundstage or on location. Once principle shooting wrapped, the film stock would be developed and sent to postproduction, where it was edited. TV shows made this way were called
a.
serial programs.
b.
multi-cam productions.
c.
telefilms.
d.
three-camera live shows.
c. telefilms.
Prior to the commercial arrival of videotape technology, early television that was preserved was shot via
a.
zoetrope.
b.
multiplexing.
c.
stereoscope.
d.
kinescope.
d. kinescope.
The debate over whether cable companies were electronic publishers or common carriers ended with what Supreme Court case?
a.
FW Publishers
b.
Charter Communications
c.
FCC
d.
Schenck
e.
Midwest Video
e. midwest video
Which were the Big Three broadcast networks between 1958-1980s?
a.
PBS, ABC, Disney
b.
NBC, CBS, ABC
c.
HBO, NBC, Fox
d.
Paramount, PBS, NBC
b. NBC, CBS, ABC
The standard for the color television system was developed by
a.
RCA.
b.
CBS.
c.
PBS.
d.
NBC.
a. RCA.
What device served as the inner workings of television sets until flat-screen technology became standard in the 2000s?
a.
coaxial cable
b.
DBS
c.
cathode ray tube
d.
kinescope
c. cathode ray tube
What is a characteristic of premium cable channels?
a.
They cost more but generally offer newer movies and little or no advertising.
b.
They tend to be part of a less expensive package from cable companies.
c.
They include local television stations as well as regional PBS stations.
d.
They include channels like MTV, CNN, and Comedy Central.
a. They cost more but generally offer newer movies and little or no advertising.
What is a share?
a.
the percentage of all TV households watching a show
b.
the percentage of homes tuned to a program compared with those actually using their sets at the time
c.
the license fee for which a production company leases a show to a network or cable channel
d.
the profits a cable television company makes after selling a syndicated show to affiliates
b. the percentage of homes tuned to a program compared with those actually using their sets at the time
What measures did cable channels take when people in small rural communities began installing their own receiving dishes and downlinking channels for free?
a.
They sued the people who were downlinking signals for free and won.
b.
They made sure that no satellite dishes could be bought within one hundred miles of these communities.
c.
They scrambled their signals.
d.
They increased their prices to make up for the losses from people downlinking for free.
Feedback
c. They scrambled their signals.
Which option provides content for local broadcast stations’ multiplex channels?
a.
digital subchannel broadcast networks
b.
multiple-system operators
c.
access channels
d.
over-the-top media services
a. digital subchannel broadcast networks
Which process is described as a key part of the TV industry that involves many companies serving as brokers, helping connect program producers or owners with content delivery services?
a.
time-shifting
b.
place-shifting
c.
cord cutting
d.
syndication
d. syndication
Which standard was used for all television sets in the United States from 1941 to 2009?
a.
scanning
b.
analog
c.
high definition
d.
digital
b. analog
Which statement about cable programming is NOT true?
a.
Cable systems typically offer a single tier of service to their customers.
b.
Cable channels narrowcast to niche audiences.
c.
Premium cable channels often promise no advertising and recent or original movies to tempt customers.
d.
Basic cable services now often include over one hundred channels.
a. Cable systems typically offer a single tier of service to their customers.
Which statement about the post-network era and the quality audience is true?
a.
The Big Three networks fully embraced narrowcasting to attract the quality audience.
b.
The Bit Three deemed the quality audience to be viewers older than fifty with conservative values.
c.
Tolerance for controversial content declined in the post-network era.
d.
Television programming used gay content to appeal to the broader quality audience of socially liberal, upscale, and presumably straight eighteen-to-forty-nine-year-olds.
c. Tolerance for controversial content declined in the post-network era.
Which statement describes the legacy of the Telecommunications Act of 1996?
a.
It spurred competition and lower rates for consumers.
b.
It allowed cable and phone companies to merge operations in many markets.
c.
It created the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
d.
It helped keep prices at a premium.
b. It allowed cable and phone companies to merge operations in many markets.
Which term describes broadcast television’s and cable’s traditional approach to content delivery, in which a show airs at a specific time?
a.
linear TV
b.
on-demand TV
c.
narrowcasting
d.
fringe time
a. linear TV
Which type of system uses small satellite dishes near or on customers’ homes to deliver television and other services?
a.
video-on-demand (VOD)
b.
direct broadcast satellite (DBS)
c.
CATV
d.
access channels
b. direct broadcast satellite (DBS)
Which type of television program features self-contained stories that end in a resolution?
a.
serial program
b.
soap opera
c.
miniseries
d.
chapter show
d. chapter show
Why were there a limited number of TV stations in a city or market in the early days of television?
a.
Airwave spectrum frequencies interfered with one another, so a city or market could only support a certain number of stations.
b.
Not that many people watched television, so there was no need for a lot of stations in a city or market.
c.
FM radio development was prioritized over television.
d.
The bidding for channels got so ridiculously expensive, only the wealthiest people could afford to buy and run a television channel.
a. Airwave spectrum frequencies interfered with one another, so a city or market could only support a certain number of stations.
What resulted in the breakup of the Trust in 1917?
a.
the rise of radio's popularity
b.
the end of George Eastman's exclusive deal
c.
a lawsuit by William Fox for restraint-of-trade violations
d.
the decline of Hollywood's Golden Age
c. a lawsuit by William Fox for restraint-of-trade violations
Early silent films most appealed to
a.
the wealthy, as they were the only ones who could afford going to a movie.
b.
children entertained by the funny makeup.
c.
actors, who wanted to stay informed about the new film industry.
d.
immigrants, because silent film transcended language barriers.
a. the wealthy, as they were the only ones who could afford going to a movie.
What does the term vertical integration refer to?
a.
having ownership of a chain of movie theaters
b.
having multiple movie studios on different floors of the same building
c.
controlling the production, distribution, and exhibition of films
d.
controlling actors, directors, and writers in a film
c. controlling the production, distribution, and exhibition of films
Hollywood’s star system was a method used by studios to
a.
streamline logistics to boost production efficiency.
b.
sign short-term contracts with film crews.
c.
break up tasks involved in movie production.
d.
cultivate and exploit the allure of certain actors.
d. cultivate and exploit the allure of certain actors.
The very first movie theaters were known as
a.
nickelodeons.
b.
arcades.
c.
salons.
d.
movie parlors.
a. nickelodeons.
Adolph Zukor took his experience fighting against an attempted movie industry monopoly and
a.
continued to champion the cause of independent artists wanting to make films.
b.
formed labor unions for actors.
c.
spent years developing his own methods for controlling the film industry.
d.
retired after defeating Edison’s patent pool.
c. spent years developing his own methods for controlling the film industry.
When did the Motion Picture Association of America launch its ratings system?
a.
1962
b.
1967
c.
1945
d.
1973
b. 1967
Which statement about Hollywood films today is true?
a.
They rely solely on box- office revenue streams.
b.
International box office revenues for Hollywood film are declining.
c.
They have virtually no impact on movie audiences outside the United States.
d.
They are so dominant worldwide that some fear they stifle local cultures and film industries.
d. They are so dominant worldwide that some fear they stifle local cultures and film industries.
Started by Thomas Edison, the first film monopoly was known as the
a.
Player’s Company.
b.
Film Board.
c.
MPAA.
d.
Trust.
d. Trust.
Which technological innovation did the film industry introduce to lure viewers away from their TV sets?
a.
Hulu
b.
VHS
c.
Technicolor
d.
Blu-ray players
c. Technicolor
What was one strategy used by Adolph Zukor to dominate the movie business?
a.
signing actors to exclusive contracts
b.
making deals with other studios for talent
c.
manufacturing cameras
d.
filing antitrust lawsuits
a. signing actors to exclusive contracts
Which is NOT true of documentary film?
a.
Streaming services have opened up a new avenue of distribution and revenue for these fims
b.
It relies solely on archival footage
c.
It deals with often ignored or controversial issues.
d.
It documents reality.
b. It relies solely on archival footage
In an effort to win back audiences in the 1940s and 1950s, studios focused on
a.
shifted movie content toward more serious themes.
b.
switching to high-definition productions.
c.
experimented with gimmicky promotions.
d.
ignored the quality of picture in favor of improving sound.
a. shifted movie content toward more serious themes.
What is NOT a characteristic of the film noir genre?
a.
s3xual overtones
b.
tension between the wilderness and the city
c.
dark, moody lighting
d.
fatalistic characters
b. tension between the wilderness and the city
Which description best applies to genre in the context of understanding film as a medium?
a.
a category with recurring storytelling conventions
b.
criteria used to determine film ratings
c.
a full-length narrative film
d.
a way to categorize film by nationality
a. a category with recurring storytelling conventions
Why were some directors considered auteurs by film scholars in the 1950s and 1960s?
a.
They only directed cinema verité.
b.
They predicted the tastes of moviegoers.
c.
They were able to develop their own distinctive cinematic style.
d.
They were trained in California and New York film schools.
c. They were able to develop their own distinctive cinematic style.
Which is the BEST description of synergy?
a.
movie studios controlling all aspects of a film’s creation
b.
promotional tie-ins within a corporation’s own companies
c.
using recognizable brands in films
d.
corporate neglect of film properties to focus on other projects
b. promotional tie-ins within a corporation’s own companies
The Great Train Robbery (1903) introduced
a.
the close-up.
b.
the use of sound in American film.
c.
chase scenes.
d.
the use of color film.
a. the close-up.
The three basic divisions within the film industry are production, distribution, and
a.
sales.
b.
exhibition.
c.
promotion.
d.
presentation.
b. exhibition.
What does the term consensus narratives refer to?
a.
cultural products that are produced by the same media company
b.
films that have a happy ending
c.
cultural products that belong to the same genre
d.
cultural products that become popular and provide shared cultural experiences
d. cultural products that become popular and provide shared cultural experiences