Key Concepts in Globalization, Identity, and International Relations

Globalization

Increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses, and countries.

Identity

Characteristics, values, and beliefs that define an individual or group.

Collective Identity

Shared identity of a group.

Individual Identity

Personal characteristics that make a person unique.

Culture

Shared beliefs, customs, traditions, and values.

Language

A major factor influencing identity.

Accommodation

Adjusting or adapting to differences.

Assimilation

Adopting the culture of another group.

Integration

Maintaining one's culture while participating in a larger society.

Pluralism

Respect and acceptance of diverse cultures.

Multiculturalism

Government policy supporting cultural diversity.

Cultural Revitalization

Renewing cultural traditions and practices.

Acculturation

Cultural change resulting from contact between cultures.

Marginalization

Being pushed to the edge of society.

Homogenization

Cultures becoming more similar.

Nation

A group of people sharing a common identity.

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to a nation.

Patriotism

Pride in one's country.

Ultranationalism

Extreme nationalism that places one's nation above others.

National Interest

Goals that benefit a nation.

Self-Determination

The right of people to determine their political future.

Sovereignty

A nation's right to govern itself.

Internationalism

Cooperation among nations.

Collective Security

Countries working together to maintain peace.

Foreign Aid

Assistance given by one country to another.

Humanitarianism

Promoting human welfare and helping those in need.

Imperialism

One country extending power over another.

Expansionism

Growing a nation's territory or influence.

Ethnic Nationalism

Nationalism based on shared ancestry or culture.

Civic Nationalism

Nationalism based on shared citizenship and values.

Appeasement

Giving in to demands to avoid conflict.

Militarism

Building military strength aggressively.

Propaganda

Information used to influence opinions.

Capitalism

Private ownership and competition for profit.

Mixed Economy

Combination of private enterprise and government involvement.

Command Economy

Government controls production and resources.

Consumerism

Encouraging the purchase of goods and services.

Competition

Businesses competing for customers.

Profit Motive

Desire to earn money.

Supply and Demand

Relationship between product availability and consumer desire.

Free Trade

Trade with few restrictions.

Protectionism

Policies protecting domestic industries.

Tariff

Tax on imported goods.

Quota

Limit on imported goods.

Subsidy

Government financial support to businesses.

Outsourcing

Moving jobs or production to another country.

Offshoring

Relocating operations to another country.

Industrialization

Growth of manufacturing and industry.

Trading Bloc

Group of countries reducing trade barriers.

Foreign Investment

Money invested in another country.

Multinational Corporation (MNC)

Company operating in multiple countries.

WTO

World Trade Organization; regulates international trade.

IMF

International Monetary Fund; provides financial assistance to countries.

USMCA

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement; free trade agreement replacing NAFTA.

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement; former trade agreement between Canada, U.S., and Mexico.

G7

Group of seven major industrialized economies.

G20

Group of twenty major world economies.

John Maynard Keynes

Supported government intervention in the economy.

Friedrich Hayek

Supported free markets and limited government involvement.

Sustainability

Meeting present needs without harming future generations.

Sustainable Prosperity

Economic growth balanced with environmental and social well-being.

Quality of Life

Overall standard of health, comfort, and happiness.

Human Rights

Basic rights and freedoms of all people.

Ethical Consumerism

Buying products based on ethical considerations.

Child Labour

Work performed by children that may harm development.

Deforestation

Clearing forests on a large scale.

Environmental Stewardship

Responsible management of the environment.

Economic Growth

Increase in production and wealth.