1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
Conventional Notation, 14Si
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Conventional Notation, 13Al
[Ne]3s2
Kernell Notation, 12Mg
[Kr]5s2 4d10 5p3
Kernell Notation, 51Sb
1s2 2s2 2p6
Ions 9F-1
1s2 2s2 2p6
Ions, 13AL+3
e- tend to occupy lower energy levels first
Aufbau Principle
Pauli´s exclusion Principle
No e- in a single atom is going to have the set of Q.N. as other e- in the same atom
Heisenberg´s uncertainty Principle
It is impossible to know with great precision both the momentum and position of an e-
Hund´s rule
When doing an orbital diagram, write unpaired e- first e- in a single orbital will have opposite spin (up, down)
Principal (Symbol,Value,Meaning,How to obtain)
n/1,2,3,4,5,6,7/,Energy level/Period
Azimuthal(Symbol,Value,Meaning,How to obtain)
l/0,1,2,3/Shape/Sublevel s=0,p=1,d=2,f=3
Magnetic(Symbol,Value,Meaning,How to obtain)
m/-l,+l/3D orientation/Orbital Diagram
Spin(Symbol,Value,Meaning,How to obtain)
S/(-1/2,+1/2)/Angular momentum/Orbital Diagram
Principal= Representatives
n=period
Principal= Transition
n=period-1
Principal= Inner-Trans
n= period-2
Orbital diagram S
0
Orbital diagram P
-1 a 1
Orbital diagram d
-2 a 2
Orbital diagram f
-3 a 3
Spin
=+1/2
Spin
=-1/2
A (Los primeros 2 y los últimos 6)
Groups: Representatives
B (Desde el 3 al 12)
Groups: Transition
Group 1:Alkali metals
-Metals, -Soft -Very reactive
Group 2:Alkaliearthmetals
-Metals -Soft -Reactive Less than Group 1
Inner-Trans Metals
-57-71 Lanthanides -89-103 Actinides -------Radioactive -93-103 Synthetic
Group 3-12: Transition Metals
-Solid except Mercury Hg -Excellent conductor of heat and electricity -Malleable and ductile
Group 13,31,49,50,81,82,83,84: Post-transition metals
-Good conductors of heat and electricity -Malleable and ductile -Softer -Higher densities
Group 5,14,32,33,51,52,84,85: Metalloids
-Somewhat malleable -Conductors ONLY under the right conditions
Group 1,2,6,7,8,9,10,15,16,17,18,34,35,36,53,54,85,86: Non-metals
-Brittle -Not conductors -Isolator
Group 17: Halogens
-Most Electronegativity (the intensity with which an Atom attracts electron)
Group 18: Nobel gases
-Least reactive
Z
Protons From left to right it increases From top to bottom it increases
Atomic radius
Measurement of the size From top to bottom it increasesFrom left to right it decreases
Metallic character
Physical and chemical characteristics of metals All the metals are towards the left
Electronegativity
Affinity that an atom is going to have towards electrons From left to right it increases From bottom to top it increases
Ionization energy
The energy necessary to take away an electron from an atom From left to right it increases From bottom to top it increases
Electron Affinity
The energy necessary to give an electron to an atom From left to right it increasesFrom bottom to top it increases
Valence e-
Son los electrones que los atomos van a usar para interactuar con otros atomos y crear enlaces
Octet rule
Todos los atomos buscan tener 8 electrones de valencia y por ende tener configuracion de gases noles porque son los mas estables
Lewis structure
La forma de representar un elemento con sus electrones de valencia, solo elementos representativos
Lewis structure, K
Lewis structure, In
Ionic Bond
Transferencia de electrones, metal- no metal
Ionic bond *
-E.N> 1.7
E.N=2.96-1.83=1.13
E.N. FeBr2
Covalent
The chemical bond between two Nonmetals and the electrons are shared
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