Criminology CH 8 Study Guide

Social Conflict Theory 

Views crime as a function of social and economic conflict, where the law serves as a tool for controlling the disadvantaged

Critical Criminology

Also known as Marxist or radical criminology, this theory argues that crime results from power structures within capitalist societies, where the rich protect their interests.

Critical Theory: Marxist Roots

The theory’s foundation lies in Karl Marx’s views on capitalist structures, which create divisions between the wealthy (bourgeoisie) and the working class (proletariat).

Development of Critical Criminology

Figures like Willem Bonger, Ralf Dahrendorf, and George Vold contributed to the theory by exploring the influence of economic structures on criminal behavior and the law.

Power and Law

One of the core Ideas for critical criminology, critical criminologists argue that laws are created to benefit the powerful, maintaining social order in favor of the wealthy.

Contemporary Critical Criminology

This approach focuses on economic marginalization and how economic structures contribute to crime and deviance among the disadvantaged. (another core idea)

Crime as a Political Concept

Critical criminologists view crime as a political tool used to control marginalized groups.

Supranational Criminology

This perspective addresses global issues like war crimes and crimes against humanity, which are prosecuted at an international level.

Globalization

Creates economic opportunities and marginalizes disadvantaged groups, leading to crime as people struggle to survive

State-Organized Crime

Crimes committed by government officials, such as illegal surveillance and human rights violations.

Left Realism

Views crime as a serious issue that needs realistic solutions, focusing on victim protection and crime prevention at the community level.

Critical Feminism 

Examines how gender inequality within capitalist societies leads to exploitation and criminality among women. A branch of criminology that views gender inequality as a root cause of female crime.

Peacemaking Criminology

Advocates for resolving crime through non-violent means, such as mediation and conflict resolution, rather than punishment.

Restorative Justice 

Emphasizes repairing harm and reintegrating offenders into society through methods like sentencing circles and reintegrative shaming.