ch13 STI, Consent, Sexual Abuse, etc.

what are STDs?

more than 25 infectious orgamisms that are transmitted primarily through sexual activity (vaginal, anal, or oral)

STDs can cause…

reproductive health problems, fetal + prenatal health problems, cancer, facilitation of the sexual transmission of HIV infection

how are STDs transmitted?

can be transmitted through ejaculation, sharing needles, sharing body piercings, sharing tattooing equipment, oral/vaginal/anal sexual activities 

how many new cases of STDs are reported annually?

20 mil

HIV stats

• 1.1 million americans have HIV

• 1 in 5 are unaware they have it

• 50k become in infected/year

chlamydia

• caused by the bacteria chlamydia trachomatis

• can be transmitted orally/vaginally/anally

• can cause fever, abdominal pain, and unusual discharge

  • in women it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease if untreated which can spread to the uterus and fallopian tubes

• can be passed to infants in the womb if the mother is infected

gonorrhea

• caused by the neisseria gonorrhoeau bacteria which grows rapidly in warm, moist areas

• can cause discharge and painful/difficult urination

• can infect the eyes, mouth, throat, rectum and can spread to the joints and blood (life threatening)

  • in women it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease if untreated which can spread to the uterus and fallopian tubes

• being infected with gonorrhea increase a person’s vulnerability to contracting HIV

genital herpes

• caused by the herpes simplex virus, has two different strings (type 1 and

• type 2)

  • type 2 is most common

• symptomatic type 1 can cause fever blisters/cold sores on the lips and genitals

• symptomatic type 2 can cause painful, watery blisters on the genitals and anus

• many people with herpes do not experience symptoms, but the virus can be found in the bodies nerve cells

• pregnant women can pass it on to newborns

HIV/AIDS

• caused by the human immunodeficiency virus which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

• can destroy the bodys immune system by killing the blood cells that fight infection and if it kills off enough, it also kills the immune systems chances of ever recovering from HIV/AIDS

• when HIV progresses to AIDS it makes people more susceptible to infections that normally do not make people sick

• most common STD/STI, more than 40 types exist

• no cure exists, but getting regular pap smears and the HPV vaccine protects against it 

syphilis

• caused by the treponema pallidum bacteria

• passed through direct contact with sores called chancres

  • a painless, genital sore on/around the genitials

  • these can make a person 2-5x more likely to contract HIV

• usually the sores clear on their own but the virus is still in the body if untreated, but tertuary syph can go to the eyes, brain, and nerves causing death

• it can pass through pregnant women to their children

bacterial vaginosis

• caused by problematic bacteria that are normally in very small amounts increase and replace normal bacterias 

• chances of being infected bacterial vaginosis are icnreased if someone douches or has multiple new sexual partners frequently 

• signs are thin, milky discharge with a “fishy” odor, but some have no signs

trichomoniasis

• caused by the single celled protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis

• mainly affects women

• usually caused by contact between genitals

• can cause painful/burning sensations when you pee, vaginal discharge, genital soreness, redness, itching, but it can occur without symptoms as well

• can cause premature birth or low birth weight in infants

viral hepatits

• a serious liver disease

• can be caused by

  • Hepattis A Virus (HAV) causes a short term/self lmiited liver infection that cna be quite serious, but no chronic infection; can be spread through oral-rectal contact; has vaccine

  • hepattis B virus (HBV) causes a serious liver disease that can result in immediate and lifelong infection leading to cirrhosis (permanent liver scarring), cancer, liver failure, and death; has vaccine

  • hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes immediate illness affecting the liver but more commonly becomes a silent, chronic infection that leads to cirrhosis, cancer, liver failure, and death; most commonly transported through sharing needles; does not have vaccine

how to prevent STDs

• abstinence

• use protection 100% of the time

• both you and your partner get tested

STD treatement options

• if caused by bacteria, yeast, or parasites it can be treated with oral antibiotics but sometimes they need to be injected/applied directly to the affected area

• for chronic diseases, some treatments can be given to lessen the severity/frequency of symptoms

• those with HIV need to take special antiretroviral drugs (HAART) that control the amount of virus they carry

ABC

Asess for safety, Be in a group, Care for the victim

persuading v/s pressuring

difference of guilt (pressure has guilt)