Classification vs. Taxonomy
Classification:
the grouping of items based on a set of standards
binomial nomenclature
modern systems of classifications use evolutionary relationships
Taxonomy:
the study of the relationships between organisms
has categories
Biodiversity vs. Genetic diversity vs. Ecological diversity
Biodiversity
the number of different species in a given area
Genetic diversity
Between members of the same species
Ecological diversity
Differs depending on climate changes (if abiotic factors don't change much, it will have higher biodiversity)
regional biodiversity effects: Latitude, altitude, nutrient level
Biodiversity increases as latitude and altitude decrease
Lower levels of nutrients have the most biodiversity (clear water = little nutrients. Coral reefs are the second-most biodiverse ecosystems on earth)
Taxa, from least to most specific
Domain Kings Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Don't Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Sands
Kingdom Animalia
Under domain eukarya
multicellular
heterotrophs
sexual and asexual reproduction (budding)
Cells are organized into tissues and organs (complex organ systems)
Most animals are motile for at least portion of life cycle
Kingdom Plantae
under domain eukarya
mostly multicellular
cell wall composed of cellulose
most are autotrophic (few are heterotrophic)
sexual reproduction with flowers and cones
asexual reproduction with budding and fragmentation
Kingdom Fungi
under domain eukarya
unicellular or multicellular
heterotrophic
reproduces sexually and asexually (spores, budding/fragmentation, or hyphae)
No motility
Cell walls contain chitin (carbohydrate)
Threadlike structures called hyphae used for feeding, growth, and reproduction
Kingdom Protista
under domain eukarya
Most are unicellular, but can be colonial, or multicellular
heterotrophic + autotrophic
Motility = species-specific: flagella, cilia, pseudopods
Can reproduce asexually (binary fission/budding) or sexually
3 categories - Plant-like - Animal-like - Fungus-like
Primarily live in aquatic/marine environments, and are even found living in humans
Phylum Annelida
segmented worms
Phylum Arthropoda
jointed legs + exoskeleton
Phylum Bryozoa
only colonial + all filter feeders
Phylum Chordata
Dorsal spinal cord + vertebrates
Phylum Chaetognatha
Worm-like - slim with fins
Phylum Cnidaria
Radial symmetry + No brain + Eye spots+ Singular hole for feeding and excretion
Phylum Ctenophora
Bilaterally symmetrical + Bioluminescence + Clear + Comb rows of fused cilia for movement
Phylum Echinodermata
Inner shell + Tubed feet + Radial symmetry
Phylum Mollusca
Mantle, secretes shell of mollusk + Muscular foot
Phylum Porifera
All sessile + Strictly filter feeders + pore bearing
Studied by 29 People