Cell-Cell Communication - BIO 1100

Cell-cell communication

they send chemical messages to control process like growth, healing, or responding to signals

3 Main step of signal pathway

Reception, Transduction, Response

Reception

the signal molecule (ligand) binds to receptor on the cell surface

transduction

the signal is passed along inside the cell through a chain of molecular events

Direct ontact

cells physically touch and exchange signals

Eg:- Immune cells recognize invaders

Paracrine

local signaling to nearby cells 

endocrine

long-distance signaling using hormones through bloodstream

synaptic

nerve cells release neurotransmittors at a synapse

why it is important ?

It helps your body maintain Homeostasis

Ensures cell act together 

Cell Junctions

Connect cell with other

occurs in epithelial cell

tight; desosomes; gap

Tight junctions

Connect cell together tightly 

water-tight seal

bladder; intestines; and the kidney

desmosomes

occur in tissues that experienced a lot o stress

like connections and that holds two cells together 

attach inside the cytoskeleton

if there are watr or ions, they can actually flow b/w these cells.

skin intestines - EG

Gap junctions

Looks like tunnels

Let ions and water flow through

Found in cells on tissue that spread action potential, or cells that use electrical coupling

cardiac muscle; neurons

when a ligand binds to a receptor, it causes a …….. …….

conformational change in the intracellular domain.

What are Integrins?

Proteins found on the surface of the cells that help the cell attach to things arround it and communicate.

Extracellular Matrix

• Made up of proteins and carbohydrates

• support and structure —> tissue shape and structure

• cell adhesion —> attach to ECM through proteins like integrins

• helps cells recieve signals from their environment, which can control growth, movement, or survival.

• Provides guide for new cells to grow and form tissue

Difference in the ECM of Animal and Plant cell

Plant ECM is primarily carbohydrate in nature, wherea animal ECM is mainly proteins.