The Role of Sports in American Identity (1880-1920)

A collection of vocabulary flashcards focused on key terms and their definitions related to the study of sports and American identity from 1880 to 1920.

Haudenosaunne Stickball

An ethnic sport established around 1100, reflecting Native American culture.

• Lacrosse is the first actual American sport

Lacrosse

Considered the first actual American sport, using long wooden sticks.

The Gospel of Play

A philosophy stating that play is key to healthy development, proposed by G. Stanley Hall.

• Playground movement

• Key to a healthy America is health children

• Team sports create loyalty and obedience

YMCA

A place for physical education promoting health and team sports.

• place for young men in the city

Team Sports

Activities that teach loyalty and obedience while shaping American identity.

Walter Camp

An influential figure in American sportsmanship known for his writings on amateurism.

• “Fair Play, No Pay”

James Naismith

Inventor of basketball in 1891, creating the sport to be played indoors.

Conspicuous Display

An indication of wealth, often shown in exclusive country clubs and memberships.

Physical Culture Courses

Programs at YMCA advocating fitness and sports participation.

100% Americanism

A belief promoting the complete assimilation of immigrants into American culture.

Civic Education through Sports

Using sports to teach values such as loyalty and the Pledge of Allegiance.

Upper-Class Sport

Sports played by the affluent, often to distinguish themselves from ordinary Americans.

Amateur Athletic Union (AAU)

An organization created to monitor amateur sports in the U.S.

Ethnic Sports

Activities reflecting cultural heritage and identity, sustaining connections to homeland.

Cherokee Lacrosse

A traditional game used by Native Americans for both sport and war training.

Personal Anecdote of Sportsmanship in “On sportsmanshipa’

Stories highlighting the importance of support and encouragement in sports.

Responsibilities of Athletes in “On sportsmanship”

Expectations for athletes to demonstrate integrity, train diligently, and serve as role models.

Standards for Contestants in “On sportsmanship”

The expectations that collegiate athletes maintain ethics in competition.

Gospel of Play Movement

Initiative advocating for playgrounds to foster health and activity among children.

Mark Marx

Argued against competitive sports and that athletes should work together to serve one purpose “communism”

• no winners or losers

Country Club

A social club typically offering recreational activities such as golf, tennis, and dining, often associated with affluent communities.