propedeutics small animals- ear exploration

cocker spaniel and springer spaniel because of their floppy pinna

basset hound and dachshund because of their long ears

shar pei and bulldogs because of their small ear canal

poodles and shnauzers because of their long ear hair

which breeds are more prone to otitis and why?

younger than 6 months old

what animals are more prone to an otodectes infestation?

tumors, disease, polyps

old animals are more prone to what ear problems?

foreign bodies

herding and hunting dogs are more prone to...

squamous cell carcinoma and congenital anacusia (deafness)

white cats are prone to...

white cats

what animal is most prone to squamous cell carcinoma?

white cats, albino dogs

what animals most commonly have congenital anacusia (deafness)?

when did the problem start? how did the symptoms progess?

does the animal have allergies or metabolic problems?

does the dog take medication?- some drugs are otitoxic

how often do you clean the ears and with what products?-too much and too little is equally bad

what recent activities has your dog done?

did you see any parasites in any part of the body?

has the dog previously had any ear problems?

what questions are important to ask the owner when performing an anamnesis for an ear exam?

-allergies

-keratinization disorders

-ectoparasites

-endocrine, autoimmune, or systemic disease

-foreign bodies

-neoplasia

what are possible primary causes of otitis?

shar pei

french and english bulldogs

what dog breeds have a stenotic ear canal?

-floppy ear pinna (spaniels, basset hound, setter, beagle)

-stenotic ear canal (shar pei, bulldogs)

-little ventilation due to hair (poodles, shnauzers)

-lifestyle

what are some predisposing factors of otitis? (what factors might make an animal more predisposed to getting otitis)

-infectious organisms (yeast/bacteria)

-chronic changes: hyperplasia, stenosis, etc

what factors are perpetuating for otitis? (make it worse)

Malassezia pachydermatis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

E. coli

Klebsiella

what yeast and bacteria can be involved in otits?

-head shaking

-scratching the area

-dark or yellow/white discharge

-pungent smell

-erythema and swelling or the ear canal

-pain

-crusting/scabs

what are the symptoms of otitis?

hearing

if there is a problem in the middle ear, what will this affect?

balance

if there is a problem in the inner ear, what will this affect?

a test where we make a loud noise to check if the animal can hear normally

what is the slap test?

normoacusia- the animal hears normally

anacus- the animal is deaf. he presents no reaction to the slap test

what is normoacusia and anacus?

the discharge of exudate

what is otorrhea?

otorrhagia

what is the word for the discharge of blood from the ear?

otitis or parasites

why might an animal be shaking his head constantly?

bacterial otitis

a yellow secretion from the ear might indicate...

yeast otitis

an animal comes into the vet because the owner noticed a dark brown discharge from his ear. what is the problem?

mite otitis

dark red ear discharge indicates...

acute- red, inflamed, smooth tegument

chronic- rough, thick skin (hypertrophic and hyperplastic), stenotic ear canal

how does an ear with acute otitis appear? what about chronic otitis?

acute

acute or chronic otitis?

chronic

acute or chronic otitis?

chronic

acute or chronic otitis?

chronic

acute or chronic otitis?

bacteria

what is the etiological agent?

yeast

what is the etiological agent?

mites

what is the etiological agent?

dark brown/black

if an animal has yeast otitis, what is the color of the discharge?

red

if an animal has otitis due to mites, what is the color of the discharge?

yellow

if an animal has bacterial otitis, what is the color of the discharge?

polyps

what are these hyperplasias called?

polyps

what is this called?

a tumor/mass, more common in old animals

what is a polyp?

old

polyps are more common in ____ animals

an accumulation of blood between the cartilage and skin of the ear. it is due to the animal shaking its head too much.

what is a otohematoma?

otohematoma

what is this?

excessive head shaking

what causes an otohematoma?

make small incisions in the pinna and allow it to drain for a few days

how do we treat an otohematoma?

otohematoma

what is this called?

pinna dermatitis

what is this called?

pinna dermatitis

what is this?

squamous cell carcinoma

common in white cats and animals that lay in the sun a lot. this affects the ears and the nose. the only solution is amputation

what is the issue?

pressing the base of the pinna together, if there is a snap/"chop-chop" when we let go, this means there is discharge inside

what is the snap ear test?

cleaning the ear

we should always perform the snap ear test before...

the temperature

pain

discharge

when we palpate the ear, what are we evaluating?

the instrument with a light and lens that is used for looking inside the ear

what is an otoscope?

pull the ear to straighten the canal. put the cone of the otoscope inside of the vertical canal, rotate a bit to enter the horizontal canal, until we see the tympanic membrane

how do we use an otoscope?

an otoscope

the instrument being used is called ____

pale pink, smooth, a little wet, with little cerumen (wax)

what should be the appearance of the vertical and horizontal canal in normal conditions?

-thin, translucent, concave

-pars flaccida (upper part) should be white/pale pink with blood vessels

-pars tensa (lower part) should be pale grey and translucent

what should be the appearance of the tympanic membrane in normal conditions?

black, because they should be full of air

in a CT scan, how should the ear canals appear?

the right ear canal is filled with something (it should appear black)- could be fluid or tumor

what is wrong with this animal?