FST 101: 4th exam reviewer

Potassium

What mineral regulates osmotic pressure inside cells?

Pellagra

A deficiency in niacin results in which condition?

Cobalt

Which trace element is part of Vitamin B12?

Lycopene

Which pigment gives tomatoes their red color

Vitamin D

Which vitamin is fat-soluble and involved in calcium absorption?

Citric Acid

Which additive prevents browning in cut fruits?

Manganese

Which mineral is required for bone formation and enzyme activation?

1-3

Anthocyanins are most stable at what pH?

Vitamin C

Which vitamin deficiency results in megaloblastic anemia?

Vitamin D

Which vitamin is known as the “sunshine vitamin”

Beriberi

A deficiency in thiamine results in which disease?

Vitamin K

Which vitamin is required for proper blood clotting?

Alpha-tocopherol

The most biologically active form of Vitamin E is

Pyridoxal phosphate

What is the active coenzyme form of Vitamin B6

Vitamin B9

Which vitamin helps prevent neural tube defects in pregnancy

Vitamin B12

Which vitamin is synthesized exclusively by microorganisms?

ug/RAE

The RDA for Vitamin A is expressed as

Niacin

Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of

Vitamin C

Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant and participates in hydroxylation reactions

Phosphorus

Which mineral is a major component of ATP?

Sodium

mineral activates amylase enzymes and is a major component of table salt?

2-5.9g/day

What is the RDI of potassium?

Calcium

Deficiency of which mineral can cause osteoporosis?

Kidney Stones

Magnesium deficiency may cause:

Chloride

Which mineral is rapidly absorbed and excreted in urine?

Potassium

Which mineral helps regulate osmotic pressure within cells

1500g

Total calcium in the body is approximately

Chloride

The mineral known to assist in hormone distribution is

Chlorophyll b

mineral can serve as a food additive and buffer

Vitamin A

Beta-carotene is a precursor of which vitamin

Tomatoes

Lycopene is found in:

Astaxanthin

The pink pigment in salmon is

UV Radiation

A major cause of carotenoid degradation

Orange Color

Hot-packing preserves

magnesium ion

Pheophytin lacks

anti-caking agents

What additive is used to prevent lumping in powdered foods

ascorbic acid

Which is a natural antioxidant

Ascorbic acid

Which additive is used to preserve fruit color

water soluble

FD&C dyes are typically

Aluminum hydroxide

Lakes are made by reacting dyes with

Starch

which is a bulking agent

Carmine

colorant is derived from insects

Umami

The flavor enhancer MSG is associated with which taste

tannins

Astringency is caused by

pyrazine

Which flavor compound smells like green pepper

Sulfite treatment

What is the major cause of thiamine destruction during food processing

Vitamin B12

Which vitamin is destroyed by alkaline conditions

Folic acid

What is the synthetic form of Vitamin B9

L-ascorbic acid

What is the biologically active form of ascorbic acid

biotin

Which vitamin deficiency can result from high intake of raw egg whites

Pectic acid

Calcium absorption is hindered by the presence of

Ca₃(C₆H₅O₇)₂

Which form of calcium is bioavailable

loss through urination

What is the main cause of potassium deficiency in humans

Chloride

Which mineral’s RDI is not established due to its abundance in salt

Panthotenic acid

Which mineral is essential in the formation of bile salts

Copper

Which trace element may catalyze oxidative destruction of Vitamin C

Chromium

Which trace element increases the activity of insulin

Zinc

A deficiency in which trace element may lead to stunted growth and skin lesions

Manganese

Which mineral is least toxic even in high amounts

Iron

Which element is found in hemoglobin and myoglobin

Phytol Tail

What structure makes chlorophyll soluble in fats and oils

presence of oxygen

What chemical structure distinguishes xanthophylls from carotenes

Pheophytin

Which pigment is removed when chlorophyll loses its magnesium ion

Anti-foaming agent

Which additive is used to reduce foaming in liquids

AH/B Theory

Which flavor theory explains the AH/B grouping in sweet perception

Glazing agent

What additive is used to provide a protective shiny layer on candy

Limonene

Which compound is responsible for the aroma of citrus fruits

Zinc

. A deficiency in which trace element may lead to stunted growth

Iron

Which element is found in hemoglobin and myoglobin

Chlorophyll

Which pigment degrades to pheophytin without magnesium

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

What is the most active circulating form of vitamin D

Vitamin E

What vitamin helps convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins

Tartrazine

Which synthetic food colorant is derived from petroleum and water-soluble?

T2R

The bitter taste is mediated by which type of receptor