Biol 212 Lab Quiz `1 - Bacteria

Photoautotrophism

Photoautotrophism

bacteria that gets energy from sunlight and carbon from CO₂

Chemoautotrophism

bacteria that gets energy from inorganic chemicals and carbon from CO₂

Photoheterotrophism

bacteria that gets energy from sunlight and carbon from external organic sources

Chemoheterotrophism

bacteria that gets energy and carbon from organic molecules

Obligate Aerobes

bacteria that require oxygen to survive

Obligate Anaerobes

bacteria that cannot live with oxygen

Facultative Anaerobes

bacteria that can live with and without oxygen

Binary Fission

parent cell divides into two new identical cells

Transformation

bacteria absorbs DNA from its environment

Transduction

DNA is moved from one bacteria to another

Conjugation

DNA is moved from one bacteria to another via a tube

Archaea

prokaryotes that live in harsh conditions, separate from bacteria

Halophiles

archaea that lives in extremely salty conditions

Thermophiles

archaea that lives in extremely hot conditions

Hyperthermophiles

archaea that lives in oceanic vents

Psychrophiles

archaea that lives in extreme cold

Acidophiles

archaea that lives in extremely acidic conditions

Alkaliphiles

archaea that lives in extremely basic conditions

Mesophiles

archaea that lives in soil and sediment

Methanogens

archaea that produces methane gas as a waste product

Bacteria

prokaryotes separate from the domain Archaea

Cyanobacteria

blue green algae, important oxygen producers

Proteobacteria

bacteria that possesses a thin cell wall, most gram negative bacteria

Spirochaetes

spiral shaped bacteria that move in a corkscrew motion

Chlamydias

atypical bacteria that serve as intracellular parasites

Gram-Positive

possesses a thick cell wall, turns purple after gram staining

Bacilli

rod shaped bacteria

Spirilli

spiral shaped bacteria

Cocci

spherical shaped bacteria

Flagella

long appendage for moving the bacterium around

Pili

hairlike structures that extend from the cell wall

Fimbriae

pili used to attach a bacterium to a substrate

Endospore

thick-walled structure that aids in survival in intolerable conditions for a long time

Helpful functions of bacteria

Key oxygen producers, fix chemicals like nitrogen, aids in animal digestion, and aids in the medical, mining, and food industries