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Business Intelligence
Provides historical, current, and predictive, views on business operations and environment and gives organizations a competitive advantage in the market place.
Management Information Systems
organized integration of hardware and software technologies, data, processes, and human elements
Michael Porter's 3 strategies for successfully competing in the marketplace
overall cost leadership
differentiation
focus
overall cost leadership
helps organize and reduce the cost of products and services
Differentiation Strategies
making products and services different from competitors
focus strategies
focusing on specific market segments to achieve a cost or differentiation advantage.
Porter's 5 forces model
Buyer power, supplier power, threat of substitute products or services, threat of new entrants, rivalry among existing competitors
Buyer power
high when costumers have many choices and low when costumers have few choices
supplier power
high when costumers have fewer options and low when costumers have more options
threat of substitute products or services
high when many alternatives to an organization product and services are available
threat of new entrants
low when duplication of a company's product or service is difficult. Focus strategies are used to ensure that the treat remains low
rivalry among existing competitors
high when competitors occupy the same marketplace position. Low when there are few competitors
Transaction-Processing Systems
focus on data collection and processing, used for cost reduction, applied to structured tasks. (like record keeping and inventory control)minimal human involvement.
Speed
measured as the number of instructions performed per fraction of a second
accuracy
critical in many computer's application
storage
saving data in computer memory
retrieval
accessing data from memory
input
getting data into system
examples of inputs
keyboard, mouse, touch screen
main memory
needs power, stores data and information, contents are lost when electrical power is turned off
secondary memory
holds data when the computer is off or during operation. Serves as archival storage, large amounts of data.
Software
sets up instructions to a computer
System software
works in the background, program that tells the computer how to behave
relational model
data stores in table of rows and columns
Datawarehouse
collection of data from a variety of sources. It supports decision-making applications, and generate business intelligence
big data
the result of exponential growth of data in organizations
5 dimensions
volume, variety, velocity, veracity, value
data-oriented databases
data and their relationships are contained in a single object. supports more complex data management
database marketing
uses an organization's database of customers and potential customers to promote products or services to implement strategies.
information system components
data, databases, process, information
data
input into the system
database
collection of all relevant data organized in series of integrated files
process
generates the most useful type of information for that specific decision making
information
the output of an information system. it is the facts that have been analyzed.
application software
used to perform specialized tasks (excel)
sequential access
record in files are organized and processed in numerical or sequential order. used when having a large number of records and not used a lot.
random access
records cand be accessed in nay order. fast for small number of records needed to be processed
indexed sequential
both sequential and random access can be use
4 major components of data warehouses
input, extraction/transformation/loading, storage, output.
intellectual property
legal umbrella covering protections that involve copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and patents developed by people or businesses.
green computing
promotes sustainable environment and consumes the least amount of energy
cookies
small text files with unique ID tags that are embedded in a web browser and saved on the user's hard drive. This helps websites customize pages for users
log files
record a user's actions on a web site.
transformation
done to make sure data meets the data warehouse's needs
extraction
collecting data from sources and converting them into a different format to meet data warehouses structural needs.
loading
process of transferring data to the data warehouse.
order of components of computer systems
software and hardware components. central processing unit. Bus. input and output
