CSD 315 Final (HW Questions)

Formal speech screenings are typically developed by a clinician with no specific criteria for passing or failing. 

false

Contextual testing allows clinicians to examine how ________ affects phoneme production.

Coarticulation

By the age of 24 months, children should have approximately ____ words and be able to _____________.

50-100 …. Combine two words into phrases

If a parent reports that a child is able to hear normally, a hearing screening is not necessary. 

false

Contextual testing allows clinicians to examine any phonological or morphological environments in which the child might have to produce the target phoneme

true

A child who produces /t/ for /s, θ, ʃ/ may be producing a phonological:

Pattern

Conversational speech samples alone are sufficient to determine whether or not a child needs speech therapy services

false

Most children receive a speech/ language screening at the start of formal schooling (kindergarten). 

(Note: this will vary depending on the school district)

true

A speech sound analysis that compares what the child is producing to the adult form of the phoneme is called:

Relational analysis

Speech perception testing should be done on all individuals with a speech sound disorder. 

false

When assessing the phonological systems of young infants and toddlers, clinicians should:

Conduct independent phonological analyses

It is okay for a phonological assessment to be difficult to score and hard to administer, as long as the pictures are attractive. 

false

Speech screenings that do not have a set pass/fail criteria and are typically developed by the clinician are called:

Informal speech screenings

During an oral mechanism exam, it is important to assess the ________ and ________ of all articulators.

Structure and function

The most accurate way to capture a child’s phoneme productions during testing is:

Narrow transcription

A comprehensive phonological evaluation assesses areas beyond phonology such as language, hearing, oral mechanism, and what other two areas?

Voice and fluency

Video: Barbra Hodson designed the HAAP-3 for toddlers who are highly unintelligible.

false

Video: Keith Haberstock is an aspiring SLP student, who is learning the basics of an oral peripheral examination.

false

Video: Kevin scored within normal range for articulation, but was recommended for private practice therapy based on other factors. 

true

The authors of our textbook are also the authors of a standardized phonological assessment. Their assessment includes: a word inventory, a consonant inventory, and a phonological process inventory.

true

Narrow transcription should be used for all phonological assessments. 

false

If a parent reports that a child is able to hear normally, a hearing screening is not necessary. 

false

An audiological screening can be completed in two ways:

Pure tone screening and impedance screening

A phonological context that improves the production of a phoneme is called facilitative. 

true

If an individual feels handicapped vocationally or socially by a speech sound disorder, he/ she should:

Seek out speech therapy

__________ refers to the degree or significance of a phonological impairment.

Severity

A child produces the word “ski” like “key”.  This is an example of:

Cluster reduction

A child produces the word “swing” like “sawing”.  The is an example of:

Epenthesis

If a child has multiple sounds in error, clinicians should examine the speech sample for patterns.

true

Children over 9-year-old with speech sound errors are said to have persistent errors. 

true

 A child’s ability to be understood in conversational speech is referred to as:

Intelligibility

If an 8-year-old child is misarticulating the /s, r/ phonemes, clinicians should choose to:

Target both

Computer assisted phonological analysis can be described as:

Time-saving, but not a replacement for clinical judgment

A dialectical difference is:

A phonological difference and not usually appropriate for therapy.

Working on earlier developing speech sounds will result in system wide phonological change. 

false

Individuals with only a dialectical variation should never be considered for phonological therapy, unless the individual elects to pursue accent modification. 

true

Teachers and peers have been shown to show different expectations/ feelings towards individuals with speech sound disorders. 

true

A child between the ages of 2.5 and 3 years who is unintelligible is typically recommended for services. 

true

Computer-assisted phonological analysis programs are time-consuming and not helpful. 

false

If a child is able to correctly produce a sound in certain contexts, but not others, this indicates that the sound is:

Inconsistent

If a child says “da” for “dog”, that is an example of final consonant deletion. 

true

Which of the following is an example of a child who would be eligible for speech therapy services:

A 9-year-old with a persistent /r/ error

Phonemes that are frequently occurring within the language will not affect intelligibility. 

false

Never provide services to a child who is stimulable for an errored phoneme.   

false

A common organizational sequence for therapy is (in the correct order):

Antecedent event, response, consequent event

Working on one-two phonemes at a time until mastery is achieved is an example of which goal attack strategy:

Vertical

For children with multiple phoneme & phonological error patterns (with more severe cases), the preferred goal attack strategy is:

Cyclical

When a child generalizes speech sound production skills from the syllable level to the word level, that is called:

Across-linguistic unit generalization

A list of words that contain a child’s target speech sound but are never directly targeted in therapy is called a:

Generalization probe

Generalization probes should include all words targeted in treatment. 

false

The horizontal approach is a goal attack strategy in which multiple phonemes are targeted within each treatment session. 

true

Generalization is proof that important changes are happening in treatment. 

true

Across word position generalization happens when a child can produce the /f/ sound in the initial position and then, without direct treatment, can produce the /f/ sound in the final position. 

true

Teaching a feature in one sound may result in generalization of that feature to another sound. 

true

Johnny used to exhibit the phonological pattern of stopping for all fricatives and affricates.  Johnny’s SLP has been working on /s/ in treatment.  Johnny now produces /s/ for all fricatives.  This is an example of:

Across-feature generalization

When a child generalizes the correct production of the /s/ sound with an auditory model to correct production of the /s/ sound with a picture cue, that is called:

Stimulus generalization

Meaningfulness of materials, the degree to which information has been learned, distribution of therapy, and _____________ are four important factors that will affect the rate of retention.

Motivation

There are clearly delineated dismissal criteria for SLPs to use with all clients who have speech sound errors. 

false

Children with multiple speech sound errors will have different treatment goals and generalization expectations compared to children with single speech sound errors. 

true

When a child is receiving treatment for a speech sound disorder, any change observed must be the result of the that treatment only. 

false

All children who are dismissed from speech sound intervention have achieved mastery and retention of the skills. 

false