Chapter 2-3 Test review
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52 Terms
Cartographer
A Person who makes maps
Magellan’s crew was the first to sail around, or ___________, the world
Circumnavigate
Astrolabe
Help sailors determine their Latitude.
Caravel
Made it easier to sail in the wind.
Why did Europeans want to find a new trading route to Asia?
They wanted to cut out Muslim and Italian Middlemen.
Why was the astrolabe helpful to sailors?
It helped them determine their latitude.
Who led the Portuguese in exploring Africa?
Prince Henry
Who was the first explorer to round the southern tip of Africa?
Bartholomeu Dias
For which to two countries was the Line of Demaraction established?
Spain and Portugal
What were Magellan and his crew seeking on their voyage?
A sea route through America to the Indies.
Conquistadors?
Spanish conquerors.
Who was Hernan Cortes?
Spaniard who conquered Tenochtitlan
Who was Moctezuma?
Aztec emperor defeated by the Spanish.
Who was Francisco Pizarro?
Conqueror who overtook the Incas in Peru
Conquistadors were attracted to the Americas by?
Stories of riches and religious zeal.
In the struggle between Pizarro and Atahualpa, _________ was victorious.
Pizarro
In the area of ________ , the Spanish had a definite advantage over the Indians.
Military Technology
The Spanish played on ______ between the Indians to make allies and conquer the Americas.
Division and Discontent.
The Indians began to believe that their gods had deserted them partly because?
The Spanish seemed immune to the diseases that devastated the Indians.
The king appointed __________, who ruled the colonies in his name.
Viceroys
The Spanish grew sugar cane on _________, large estates worked by laborers who lived on the premise.
Plantations.
Gave the conquistadors permission from the king to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans.
Encomiendas
In Spanish America ________, or those born in Spain , were top of society.
Peninsulares
________ were American-born descendants of Spanish Settlers
Creoles
People of both Native American and European descent were called?
Mestizos
Why did the Spanish bring enslaved Africans to the Americas?
to provide labor for Spanish plantations.
Which group was at the bottom of the new social structure? Born African and European descent.
Mulattoes.
What is an example of blending cultures in the colonies?
Okra and palm oil.
What did the Portuguese pursue for profit in Brazil?
Cattle ranching
The _____ was the voyage that took Africans to slavery in the Americas.
Middle Passage.
The _______ played off rival Europeans against each other
Asante
Who was Usman Dan Fodio ?
He inspired a series of uprisings against Hausa rulers.
Boers
Dutch farmers in Africa
Who was Shaka?
the Zulu leader who fostered pride in the Zulu kingdom
The first Europeans to build forts along the West African coast were?
Portuguese
By the 1500’s, Europeans viewed______ as the most important item of African Trade
Slaves
The Middle Passage was a horror due to?
Disease and mistreatment.
Literacy in West Africa increased under?
Usman de Fodio
By Conquering many peoples and the encouraging them to forget their differences Shaka created?
A powerful Zulu kingdom.
Inflation
Economic cycle in which prices rise
Capitalism
The investment of money to make a profit.
Entrepreneur
Enterprising merchant
Joint stock company
Arrangement that allowed people to pool large amounts of capital for overseas ventures.
Mercantilism
New economic policy aimed at strengthening European monarchies
Tariff
Tax on imported goods.
What was one cause of European inflation?
The population explosion.
What was one effect that new food crops from the Americas had on World Population?
It increased
Why did enterprising capitalists devise the putting out system of production
They wanted to control the manufacture goods.
How are European peasants affected by Europe’s growing involvement with the world?
They were largely unaffected.
Who is Vasco de Gama?
Made a hard voyage to India.
Who was Amerigo Vespucci
He named the Americas/new World
Coffin ships/floating coffins
The ships that took Africans though the Middle Passage.