Exam 3 Microbio BACTERIA

FA25

what is Proteobacteria

• many shapes

• gram negative

• chemoheterotrophic

• largest taxonomic group of bacteria

• 5 classes

what are the 5 classes of Proteobacteria

• Alphaproteobacteria

• Betaproteobacteria

• Gammaproteobacteria

• Deltaproteobacteria

• Nonproteobacteria

what are the bacteria in Alphabacteria

• Bartonella

• Rickettsia

• Rhizobium

• Agrobacterium

• Nitrosomonas

• Nitrobacter

Bartonella

human pathogen

cat scratch disease

Rickettsia

obligate intracellular parasite

arthropod, spotted fevers (Rocky Mountain)

Rhizobium

fix nitrogen in the roots of plants

Agrobacterium 

plant pathogen

insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor

Nitrosomonas

nitrifying baceteria

oxidizes ammonium to nitrite

Nitrobacter

nitrifying bacteria

oxidizes nitrite to nitrate in a process called nitrification

what are the bacteria in Betaproteobacteria

• Burkholderia

• Bordatella

• Neisseria

  • N. gonorrhea

  • N. meningitis

Burkholderia

degrades more than 100 organic molecules, common species that contaminates equipment in hospitals causes infections in cystic fibrosis patients

Bordatella

whooping cough

Neisseria

found in human mucous membranes

N. gonorrhea

gonorrhea

N. meningitidis

meningitis

what are the orders in Gamma Proteobacteria

• Thiotrichales

• Pseudomonadales

• legionalles

• vibrionales

• enterobacteriales

• pasteurellas

what are the bacteria in Gamma Proteobacteria

• Francisella

• Pseudomonas

• Acinetobacter

• Legionella

• Vibrio cholerae

• Escherichia

• Salmonella

  • S. enterica serovar typhimurium

  • S. enterica serovar typhis

Francisella

(Thiotrichales)

grows on complex media (w/ blood or tissue extract)

Pseudomonas

(Pseudomonadales)

opportunistic pathogens, resistant to many antibiotics and disinfectants, causes pneumonia, UTIs, infections in burns

Acinetobacter

(Pseudomonadales)

gains antibiotic resistance easily, some are resistant to all, grows easily in hospitals and hard to get rid of

Legionella

(Legionellales)

causes Legionarres disease, grows in water and AC, biofilms, and water borne amoeba, trasmitted by inhaling aerosals

Vibrio cholerae

(Vibrionales)

usually found in water contaminated with feces, found naturally in water/shellfish, rice water stool, dehydration

Escherichia (E. coli)

(Enterobacteriales)

most common facultative anaerobe in the gut, presence of this organism in food and water usually indicates fecal contamination

Salmonella

(Enterobacteriales)

almost are always pathogenic, common inhabitant of intestinal tract of animals (cattle and poultry)

what are the two types of Salmonella

S. enterica serovar typhimurium

S. enterica serovar typhi

S. enterica serovar typhimurium

(Salmonella)

variety of food posionings due to uncooked and undercooked poultry

S. enterica serovar typhi

(Salmonella)

typhoid fever, most pathogenic, serious systemic infection can lead to intestinal wall perforation

Shigella

(Enterobacteriales)

causes shigellosis (dysentry), only found in humans

Klebsiella

(Enterobacteriales)

found in soil and water, causes pneumonia

Serratia

(Enterobacteriales)

produces red pigment, found on catheters and in saline solutions, causes UTI and RTI

Yersenia

(Enterobacteriales)

causes plague, transmitted by prairie dogs

Pasteurella

(Pasteurellas)

pathogen of domestic animals, cows, dogs, chickens

Haemophilus

(Pasteurellas)

once thought to cause flu, actually causes meningitis, ear aches, arthritis, bronchitis

what are the bacteria in Deltaproteobacteria

• Bdellovibrio

• Compylobacter

• Helicobacter

Bdellovibrio

prey on other bacteria

Compylobacter

Epsilon Proteobacteria

found in cattle and sheep, may cause abortions in animals

Helicobacter

Epsilon Proteobacteria

curved rod that causes gastritis and peptic ulcers in humans

what are the bacteria in Nonproteobacteria

• cyanobacteria

• chlamydia trachomitis

• Bacteroides

• Treponema

• Borrelia

• Dienococcus

• Thermus aquaticus

Cyanobacteria

carry out oxygenic photosynthesis

Chlamydia trachomitis

causes trachoma and urethritis

Bacteroides

enteric (lives in gut), can cause infection if bowel is perforated

Treponema (Spirochaetes)

causes syphilis

Borrelia

lyme disease

Deinococcus

resistant to radiation (1500 x what is fatal to humans)

Thermus aquaticus

very heat stable, isolated from Yellowstone hot spring where we get Taq polymerase for PCR reactions

what are the 3 types of bacteria that are Gram positive

• Firmicutes (low G+C ratios)

• Tenericutes (low G+C ratios)

• Actinobacteria (high G+C ratios)

Clostridium tetanus

endospore forming, obligate anaerobe, causes muscle spasms (lockjaw)

Clostridium botulinum

endospore forming, obligate anaerobe, found in soil and water, flaccid paralysis

Bacillus

endospore producing rods, facultative anaerobe, mainly found in soil

Bacillus anthracis

causes anthrax, disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans

Staphylococcus

cocci that grow in grape like clusters

S. aureus

most important human pathogen, grows yellow, found on skin and nasal passages

MRSA

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

Lactobacillales

in vaginal and oral cavity, make foods (yogurt, pickles, buttermilk, sauerkraut)

Streptoccal pharyngitis

strep throat, caused by group A streptococci, local inflammation, fever, tonsilitis, enlarged lymph nodes

Enterococcus

found in human stool, fecal indicator bacteria, VRE - Vancomycin resistant Enterococci

what bacteria is in Tenericutes

mycoplasma

Mycoplasma

do not have cell walls, highly pleomorphic b/c of no cell walls

what bacteria is in Actinobacteria

• mycobacterium

• M. tuberculosis

• Corynebacterium diphtheriae

• Propiobacteria

• Streptomyces

Mycobacterium

filamentus growth, causes gram stains to fail

M. tuberculosis

causes tuberculosis

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

causes diphtheria, forms a tough grayish membrane in throat

Propiobacteria

P. acnes causes acne

Streptomyces

one of the most common soil bacteria, produces substance that gives fresh soil its musty odor, produces most of our commerical antibiotics