med terms review slide

cell body

part of neuron containing organelles

axon

part of neuron that transmits impulses

dendrites

part of neuron that looks like branches of a tree

cerebral cortex

gray matter covering the cerebrum

neuroglia, glial cells

protects the nervous system

longitudinal fissure

divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres

thalamus

acts as a relay station for incoming sensory stimuli

hypothalamus

maintains homeostasis of appetite, thirst, and temperature

nerve pain

neuralgia

specialist in the study of nervous system and its diseases

neurologist

nerve destruction

neurolysis

inflammation of nerves

polyneuritis

record of the electrical activity of the brain

electrocardiogram (ECG)

hernia of the meninges

meningocele

hernia of spinal cord and meninges

myelomeningocele

loss of sensation

anesthesia

decreased sensation

hypoesthesia

increased sensation

hyperesthesia

irritating sensation in response to stimuli

allodynia

abnormal sensation such as numbness and tingling

paresthesia

paralysis of the like extremities on both sides of the body

diplegia

paralysis of either the right half or the left half of the body

hemiplegia

paralysis of one extremity

monoplegia

paralysis of the lower part of the body

paraplegia

paralysis of all four limbs

quadriplegia (tetraplegia)

inflammation of the brain

encephalitis

softening of the brain

enchephalomalacia

any disease of the brain

encephalopathy

breakdown: gonioscopy

gonio - angle

scopy - visual exam

visual exam of eye drainage angle

breakdown: anisocoria

an - not, without

iso - not equal

coria - pupil

unequal pupil size

breakdown: miosis

mio - lessen, shrink, close

sis - condition

condition of constricted pupils

breakdown: mydriatic

mydri - dilation

asis/sis - conditon

condition of pupil dilation

breakdown: optician

opt - vision, eye

ician - specialist

vision specialist (in terms of glasses and lens)

breakdown: ophthalmologist

ophthalm - eye, eyball

logist - one who studies

medical doctor for eye care

breakdown: tonometry

tono - pressure, tension

metry - measurement

measurement of eye pressure

breakdown: retinoschisis

retin - retina

schisis - separation, splitting

separation of retina

breakdown: hyperopia

hyper - elevated, excessive, above

opia - vision, condition of eye

far-sightedness

breakdown: presbyopia

presby - old age

opia - vision, condition of eye

age-related far-sightedness

surgical fixation of the eyelid

blepharoplasty

drooping eyelid

blepharoptosis

sudden involuntary contraction of the eyelid

blepharospasm

adhesion of the eyeball to the eyelid

symblepharon

inflammation of the iris and ciliary body

iridocyclitis

excision of iris

iridectomy

inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva

keratoconjunctivitis

abnormal cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea

keratoconus

fungal infection of the cornea

keratomycosis

surgical repair of the cornea

keratoplasty

earache

otalgia

discharge from ear

otorrhea

surgical repair of eardrum

tympanoplasty

process of cutting the eardrum

tympanotomy

removal of stapes

stapedectomy

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete their own hormones

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the gonads to secrete their own hormones

Gonadotropic hormone (or Gonadotropin)

Pituitary hormone that stimulates growth of body tissues

Somatotropic hormone (or Somatotropin / Growth Hormone)

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid to secrete its own hormones

Thyrotropic hormone (or Thyrotropin / TSH)

Excessive amounts of sugar in the blood

Hyperglycemia

Deficient amounts of sugar in the blood

Hypoglycemia

Excessive amounts of potassium in the blood

Hyperkalemia

Deficient amounts of sodium in the blood

Hyponatremia

Excessive amounts of calcium in the blood

Hypercalcemia

Condition characterized by excessive secretions of gonadal hormones

Hypergonadism

Decreased amounts of insulin secretion

Hypoinsulinism

Condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathormone

Hyperparathyroidism

Condition characterized by a deficiency of all pituitary hormones

Panhypopituitarism

Condition characterized by excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone

Hyperthyroidism

production of sugar

glycogenesis/gluconeogenesis

breakdown of sugar

glycolysis

normal thyroid gland

euthyroid

balanced state

homeostasis

excessive thirst

polydipsia

abnormal enlargement of male breast

gynecomastia

tumor of a gland

adenoma

opposite of vasodilation

opposite of vasoconstriction

opposite of hypertension

opposite of hypotension

opposite of bardycardia

opposite of tachycardia

opposite of diastole

opposite of systole

endarterectomy

surgical removal of plaque from the inside of an artery

interatrial

between two atria

pancarditis

inflammation of entire heart

echocardiogram

record of heart produced by soundwaves

phlebothrombosis

formation of blood clot

cerebrovascular accident

stroke; sudden cutoff of blood flow to brain

athroma

fatty plaque deposit in artery

dilation of blood vessel

vasodilation

process of recording a blood vessel

angiography

surgical repair of stenosed blood vessel

angioplasty

sudden involuntary contraction of blood vessels

vasospasm

process of recording arteries

arteriography

small arteries

arteriole

hardening of the artery

arteriosclerosis

pertaining to a vein

venous

small vein

venule

specialist in the study of the heart

cardiologist

chrom/o

color

reticul/o

network, net

-poietin

substance that stimulates formation

-penia

deficiency, lack of

leuk/o

white