Review Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about the musculo-skeletal system, joints, muscles, the nervous system, senses, and light/sound waves.

The strong outer layer of the bone is called __.

Compact Bone

The lighter weight but tough bone fibres inside the compact bone is called __.

Spongy Bone

The region in the middle of the bone where blood cells are made is called __.

Bone Marrow

__ is a strong, flexible, connective tissue that cushions and protects bones, especially in joints.

Cartilage

__ joints, like those connecting the bones of the skull, do not move.

Fixed

__ joints, like those connecting all the vertebrae of the spine, have limited movement.

Semi-movable

Joints such as those in the elbow or hip are considered __ movable.

Freely

__ muscles are attached to bones and help you move.

Skeletal

__ Muscles are in the walls of organs and they make organs move.

Smooth

__ Muscles are in the heart.

Cardiac

When one muscle closes a joint, it is called __.

Flexion

When a muscle extends a joint back, it is called __.

Extension

In a pair of antagonistic muscles, when one contracts the other one __.

Relaxes

__ is moving a limb away from the center.

Abduction

__ is moving a limb towards the center.

Adduction

__ are objects made of transparent materials that has at least one curved surface and has the ability to refract light.

Lenses

A __ lens focuses light.

Converging

A __ lens spreads light.

Diverging

__ reflection is when parallel light rays reflect off an uneven surface in all directions.

Diffuse

__ reflection is when parallel light rays reflect off a smooth surface.

Specular

The 5 main functions of the skeleton are to protect vital organs, provide _ and shape, store minerals, and form red and white blood cells.

Support

bones include arm bones, leg bones, and finger bones.

Long

__ bones include wrist bones and ankle bones.

Short

__ bones include rib bones, shoulder blades, and skull bones.

Flat

__ bones include vertebrae and other irregularly shaped bones.

Irregular

The __ is the collection of vital organs such as the heart and the lungs.

Thorax (ribcage)

The most important arm bones the _, radius, and ulna.

Humerus

The most important leg bones are the femur, tibia, fibula, and __.

Patella

A wave is a disturbance that travels through a __.

Medium

The two main types of waves are __ and longitudinal.

Transverse

__ is the distance between wave crests.

Wavelength

__ is the number of waves per second.

Frequency

__ is the height of the wave.

Amplitude

Sound waves are __ waves of pressure travelling through the air.

Longitudinal

__ measure the loudness of sound.

Decibels

Prolonged exposure to sounds louder than __ dB can cause long-term hearing damage.

100

Light is made of __ that act like waves and particles.

Photons

The __ receives information, stores information, and sends information back to the body.

Nervous System

The __ nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Central

The __ nervous system connects different parts of the body to the central nervous system.

Peripheral

The __ is the central processing center of the body.

Brain

__ are long branches that send signals to other neurons.

Axons

The __ insulates the signal through the axon.

Myelin sheath

Neurons cannot be __ if they are destroyed.

Replaced

The somatic nervous system is under __ control.

Voluntary

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) works without __ thought.

Conscious

The ANS is controlled __.

Automatically

The central nervous system is wrapped in __.

Meninges

The three main regions of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the __.

Brain stem

The __ is the dark hole that allows light into the eye.

Pupil

The __ is the colored part of the eye which controls the amount of light entering the eye.

Iris

The __ is a light sensitive layer at the back of the eye.

Retina

The __ carries the image to the brain.

Optic nerve

__ humor is a watery liquid found near the front of the eye.

Aqueous

__ humor is a jelly-like sac of liquid in the center of the eye.

Vitreous

A __ is a specialized connection or juntion between two neurons that allows a nerve impulse to be transmitted.

Synapse

_ is the neurotransmitter used for muscle nerves.

ACh

A _ is a bundle of neurons.

Nerve