Lecture Notes on ADHD and Attention Deficit Disorders

A comprehensive set of flashcards focused on vocabulary related to ADHD, its subtypes, symptoms, associated cognitive functions, and diagnostic criteria.

ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by problems with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

ADHD-C

Combined type of ADHD, which manifests features of both hyperactive/impulsive (ADHD-H) and inattentive (ADHD-I) subtypes.

ADHD-H

Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD, primarily impacting hyperactive behavior and impulsivity.

ADHD-I

Predominantly inattentive type of ADHD, characterized by difficulties with attention, not associated with hyperactivity.

Inhibitory Control

The ability to suppress impulsive responses in favor of more thoughtful actions.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT)

A proposed distinct disorder or subtype of ADHD-I, characterized by symptoms like daydreaming, lethargy, and slow information processing.

Positive Illusory Bias (PIB)

A self-enhancing bias where individuals with ADHD hold an inaccurately positive view of their competence and performance.

Executive Functions (EF)

Higher-order cognitive processes that guide behavior, such as working memory, attention control, and self-regulation.

Causal Model in ADHD

The relationship between biological, cognitive, social, and behavioral factors that can affect ADHD symptoms and their expression.

Comorbidity

The occurrence of two or more disorders or diseases in the same individual, common in cases of ADHD.

Behavioral Disinhibition Model

A theory suggesting that primary deficits in behavioral disinhibition lead to secondary deficits in multiple areas of executive function.

DSM-5 Criteria for ADHD

The diagnostic criteria for ADHD as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, including symptoms present before age 12 and across multiple contexts.

Types of Attention

Various forms of attention including focused, selective, executive, sustained, divided, and alternating attention, each with unique characteristics and functions.

Hyperactivity

A symptom of ADHD characterized by excessive movement, restlessness, and difficulty remaining still or quiet in appropriate situations.

Impulsivity

A tendency to act quickly without careful thought, which can result in hasty actions and decisions with potential negative consequences.

ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by problems with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

ADHD-C

Combined type of ADHD, which manifests features of both hyperactive/impulsive (ADHD-H) and inattentive (ADHD-I) subtypes.

ADHD-H

Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD, primarily impacting hyperactive behavior and impulsivity.

ADHD-I

Predominantly inattentive type of ADHD, characterized by difficulties with attention, not associated with hyperactivity.

Inhibitory Control

The ability to suppress impulsive responses in favor of more thoughtful actions.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT)

A proposed distinct disorder or subtype of ADHD-I, characterized by symptoms like daydreaming, lethargy, and slow information processing.

Positive Illusory Bias (PIB)

A self-enhancing bias where individuals with ADHD hold an inaccurately positive view of their competence and performance.

Executive Functions (EF)

Higher-order cognitive processes that guide behavior, such as working memory, attention control, and self-regulation.

Causal Model in ADHD

The relationship between biological, cognitive, social, and behavioral factors that can affect ADHD symptoms and their expression.

Comorbidity

The occurrence of two or more disorders or diseases in the same individual, common in cases of ADHD.

Behavioral Disinhibition Model

A theory suggesting that primary deficits in behavioral disinhibition lead to secondary deficits in multiple areas of executive function.

DSM-5 Criteria for ADHD

The diagnostic criteria for ADHD as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, including symptoms present before age 12 and across multiple contexts.

Types of Attention

Various forms of attention including focused, selective, executive, sustained, divided, and alternating attention, each with unique characteristics and functions.

Hyperactivity

A symptom of ADHD characterized by excessive movement, restlessness, and difficulty remaining still or quiet in appropriate situations.

Impulsivity

A tendency to act quickly without careful thought, which can result in hasty actions and decisions with potential negative consequences.

Working Memory

A component of Executive Functions, it is the cognitive system that holds and processes information temporarily for use in ongoing cognitive tasks.

Self-regulation

A core Executive Function involving the ability to manage one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in pursuit of long-term goals.

Factors of the Causal Model in ADHD

Includes biological, cognitive, social, and behavioral factors that interact to influence the expression and symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Key DSM-5 diagnostic requirements for ADHD symptom presentation

Symptoms must be present before the age of 12 and manifest across multiple settings or contexts (e.g., home, school, work).

Focused Attention

The ability to concentrate on one specific stimulus or task for a period of time.

Selective Attention

The capacity to maintain attention on a particular stimulus while ignoring distracting or irrelevant stimuli.

Executive Attention

A type of attention involving the ability to plan, monitor, and regulate responses, often engaged in tasks requiring novel responses or error detection.

Sustained Attention

The ability to maintain consistent behavioral response during continuous and repetitive activity, often referred to as vigilance.

Divided Attention

The capacity to respond simultaneously to multiple tasks or multiple task demands (e.g., multitasking).

Alternating Attention

The ability to shift attention between tasks or mental sets with different cognitive demands.