Stoichiometry

Glycolysis:

Glucose + 2 ADP +2 Pi + 2 NAD+ → 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+

Gluconeogenesis: (carboxylation occurs in the mitochondria)

2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 4 ATP + 2 GTP + 2 H+→Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 4 ADP + 2 GDP+ 6 Pi

You also need to know how NADH is consumed by fermentation and by what enzymes

2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ → 2 lactate + 2 NAD+ by lactate dehydrogenase

2 Pyruvate → 2 acetaldehyde + 2 CO2 by pyruvate decarboxylase followed by

2 Acetaldehyde + 2 NADH + 2 H+ → 2 Alcohol + 2 NAD+ by alcohol dehydrogenase

PDC

Pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA → Acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+ by pyruvate dehydrogenase

complex with TPP, lipoate and FAD.

CAC or TAC

Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + FAD + ADP (GDP) + Pi → 2 CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + ATP (GTP) + 3 H+

Glycogen synthesis

Gn + G + 2 ATP → Gn+1 + 2 ADP + Pi (one ATP for G1P and one for UDP-Glucose)

G1P + UTP → UDP-glucose + PPi (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase)

Glycogen: breakdown

Gn + Pi → Gn-1 + G1P by glycogen phosphorylase

Phase I:

G6P + 2 NADP+ + 2 Pi→ Ru5P + 2 NADPH + CO2 + 2 H+ by G6P dehydrogenase

ETC

NADH + 0.5 O2 + H+ + 2.5 ADP + 2.5 Pi → NAD+ + H2O + 2.5 ATP (H2O required here).

This invovles complexes I, III, and IV, each of which pumps 4 H+ from mitochondrial

matriax to intermembrane space

FADH2 + 0.5 O2 + 1.5 ADP + 1.5 Pi → FAD + H2O + 1.5 ATP (H2O required here). This

invovles complexes III and IV, each of which pumps 4 H+ from mitochondrial matriax to

intermembrane space

Phase II:

3 R5P ↔ 2F6P + GAP

Light reaction:

2 H2O + 2 NADP+ + 3 ADP + 3 Pi + 8 photon → 2 H+ + 2 NADPH + 3 ATP + O2

Cyclic phosphorylation:

ADP + 2 Pi + 4 photon → 2 ATP by PS I

Dark reaction or Cavin cycle

1 CO2 + 2 NADPH + 3 ATP (+ 2 H+)→ CH2O + 2 NADP+ + 3 ADP + 3 Pi or

6 CO2 + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP (+ 12 H+) → Glucose + 12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 18 Pi

Ru5P + ATP → RuBP (phosphoribulose kinase)