DNA/Evolution study guide

 

 If the sequence of nucleotides in one chain of a DNA molecule is TCAAGC, a new nucleotide chain on DNA will be produced during replication with the complementary sequence

AGTTCG

According to the base pairing rules, guanine binds with

Cytosine

The primary function of DNA in cells is to

Store information that tells the cells which proteins to make

 

In RNA, thymine is replaced by

Uracil

 

The type of RNA that carries the instructions for making protein is called

mRNA

In eukaryotic cells RNA is copied from DNA in the

nucleus

What process is shown in the diagram below?

Transcription

A protein is a polymer consisting of a specific sequence of

Amino Acids

 

During translation, one end of a tRNA molecule pairs with a complementary

mRNA codon

The general shape of a DNA molecule is a

double helix

RNA

contains ribose

A large region of DNA that directs the formation of a protein is called a

gene

Which of the following bonds to one specific type of amino acid?

tRNA

New mRNA is made through the process of

transcription

 

Damaged DNA is called a

Mutated

 

How many different types of nucleotides exist in Nucleic Acids?

5

 

From your choices below, what are two ways in which DNA differs from RNA.

RNA contains Ribose, and is single stranded

 

Explain why methionine is the first amino acid in every growing polypeptide (protein).

its codon is the start codon

 

What determines whether a protein is exported from a cell or used inside of the cell?

 

where the protein is made inside of the cell placement of ribosomes

________________________ is the term used to refer to DNA when it makes an exact duplicate of itself.

Replication

________________________ is the term used to refer to the process of when RNA is produced from DNA.

Transcription

 ________________________ is the term used to refer to the process of when protein is made from mRNA

Translation

 

Explain the significance of the start codon and the stop codon.

to start and stop the process of translation

A

Protein (polypeptide)

B

Peptide bond

C

Amino Acid

D

tRNA

E

Anticodon

F

Codon

G

mRNA

H

Ribosome

What is the mRNA strand that would compliment the DNA strand?

AUGGGUAGUUCUUGA

 

What are the possible anticodons for tRNA

UACCCAUCAAGAACU

 

Possible order of amino acids

Start (METH), Gly, Ser, Ser, Stop

 

How is information about making proteins transmitted from the DNA to the site of protein synthesis (ribosomes).

mRNA

 

How would a deletion of one nucleotide in the middle of an mRNA transcript affect the protein it was suppose to make?

it would change the size and shape of the protein

If Lamarck’s hypothesis of species modification were true, the children of a person who developed large muscles by lifting weights would be born with

larger-than-average muscles.

 

When Darwin saw fossil shells of marine organisms in the mountains, he reasoned that

ancient rock beds that were beneath the sea were elevated to form mountain ranges.

Darwin’s theory of descent with modification states that

newer forms appearing in the fossil record are the modified descendants of older species.

 

According to Darwin’s theory of modification by natural selection,

organisms that have more favorable traits tend to leave more offspring.

In an evolutionary sense, an individual organism has high fitness if it

reproduces more successfully than other individuals.

The wing of a bat and the foreleg of an alligator are

homologous features.

Features that were useful to an ancestral organism but are not useful to a modern organism that has them are said to be

Vestigial

 

Homologous

. common feature, common ancestor

Analogous

common feature, uncommon ancestor

 

Vestigial

useless features found in organisms

Using the diagram provided, which organisms are move closely related?

gorilla and rabbit