0.1 Psychology

John Locke

Empiricism - the idea that knowledge comes from experience and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge. Blank slate at birth.

Wilhelm Wundt

Psychologist known as the "father of experimental psychology"; established the first psychology laboratory in 1879, Germany.

G. Stanley Hall

Student of Wundt, established the first psychology laboratory in the US, and became the first APA president.

Edward B. Titchener

Developed structuralism. Used introspection (looking inward) to study the conscious experience. Self-reported your own thoughts and feelings.

Found unreliable as we do not know why we feel the way we do.

William James

Functionalism - studied why thoughts and behaviors occur and how they helped organisms adapt and survive, natural selection in a sense.

John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner

Behaviorism - psychology should exclusively analyze behaviors and be an objective science, removing influence of mental process.

Rebuked as mental process is involved with the essence of psychology.

Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalytic - unconscious mind and childhood experiences impact our behavior.

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Humanistic - focused on the potential for human growth rather than past experiences.

Mary Whiton Calkins

Was taught by William James at Harvard. Due to her gender, she was unable to get a PhD, but eventually became the first female president of the APA.

Margaret Floy Washburn

Was the first women to officially get a PhD in the field of psychology and became the second APA president.